Adam Orucu

Ayush K. Varshney, Konstantinos Vandikas, Šarūnas Girdzijauskas et al.

Deploying deep neural networks on resource-constrained 6G edge devices demands aggressive compression with minimal accuracy loss. Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) has emerged as a leading compression approach; however, existing mixed-precision methods typically operate at coarse layer- or channel-level granularity. These methods often rely on heuristic or search-based bit-allocation strategies, which may overlook fine-grained variability at the neuron level. We propose Neuron-Level Mixed-Precision QAT (NMP-QAT), where each neuron independently learns its own discrete precision during training. Starting from low-bit precision, NMP-QAT expands bit-width only when training signals demand it, via differentiable surrogates and straight-through estimators, while preserving a fully discrete inference graph. This adaptability extends to both weights and activations, reducing memory movement. Evaluated on telecom and non-telecom datasets across MLP and tabular foundation model architectures, NMP-QAT achieves superior compression-accuracy trade-offs over mixed-precision QAT baselines, making it well-suited for Green AI deployments at the network edge.

Adam Orucu, Marcus Medhage, Farnaz Moradi et al.

The telecommunications industry is experiencing rapid growth in adopting deep learning for critical tasks such as traffic prediction, signal strength prediction, and quality of service optimisation. However, designing neural network architectures for these applications remains challenging and time-consuming, particularly when targeting compact models suitable for resource-constrained network environments. Therefore, there is a need for automating the model design process to create high-performing models efficiently. This paper introduces TabGNS (Tabular Gated Neuron Selection), a novel gradient-based Neural Architecture Search (NAS) method specifically tailored for tabular data in telecommunications networks. We evaluate TabGNS across multiple telecommunications and generic tabular datasets, demonstrating improvements in prediction performance while reducing the architecture size by 51-82% and reducing the search time by up to 36x compared to state-of-the-art tabular NAS methods. Integrating TabGNS into the model lifecycle management enables automated design of neural networks throughout the lifecycle, accelerating deployment of ML solutions in telecommunications networks.

Adam Orucu, Farnaz Moradi, Masoumeh Ebrahimi et al.

The future 6G network is envisioned to be AI-native, and as such, ML models will be pervasive in support of optimizing performance, reducing energy consumption, and in coping with increasing complexity and heterogeneity. A key challenge is automating the process of finding optimal model architectures satisfying stringent requirements stemming from varying tasks, dynamicity and available resources in the infrastructure and deployment positions. In this paper, we describe and review the state-of-the-art in Neural Architecture Search and Transfer Learning and their applicability in networking. Further, we identify open research challenges and set directions with a specific focus on three main requirements with elements unique to the future network, namely combining NAS and TL, multi-objective search, and tabular data. Finally, we outline and discuss both near-term and long-term work ahead.