Xuan Ding

Suzhong Fu, Rui Sun, Xuan Ding et al.

Accurate vessel segmentation is critical for clinical applications such as disease diagnosis and surgical planning, yet remains challenging due to thin, branching structures and low texture contrast. While foundation models like the Segment Anything Model (SAM) have shown promise in generic segmentation, they perform sub-optimally on vascular structures. In this work, we present VesSAM, a powerful and efficient framework tailored for 2D vessel segmentation. VesSAM integrates (1) a convolutional adapter to enhance local texture features, (2) a multi-prompt encoder that fuses anatomical prompts, including skeletons, bifurcation points, and segment midpoints, via hierarchical cross-attention, and (3) a lightweight mask decoder to reduce jagged artifacts. We also introduce an automated pipeline to generate structured multi-prompt annotations, and curate a diverse benchmark dataset spanning 8 datasets across 5 imaging modalities. Experimental results demonstrate that VesSAM consistently outperforms state-of-the-art PEFT-based SAM variants by over 10% Dice and 13% IoU, and achieves competitive performance compared to fully fine-tuned methods, with significantly fewer parameters. VesSAM also generalizes well to out-of-distribution (OoD) settings, outperforming all baselines in average OoD Dice and IoU.

Chaoquan Zhang, Hongchao Fan, Wanzhi Li et al.

Navigation services utilized by autonomous vehicles or ordinary users require the availability of detailed information about road-related objects and their geolocations, especially at road intersections. However, these road intersections are mainly represented as point elements without detailed information, or are even not available in current versions of crowdsourced mapping databases including OpenStreetMap(OSM). This study develops an approach to automatically detect road objects and place them to right location from street-level images. Our processing pipeline relies on two convolutional neural networks: the first segments the images, while the second detects and classifies the specific objects. Moreover, to locate the detected objects, we establish an attributed topological binary tree(ATBT) based on urban grammar for each image to depict the coherent relations of topologies, attributes and semantics of the road objects. Then the ATBT is further matched with map features on OSM to determine the right placed location. The proposed method has been applied to a case study in Berlin, Germany. We validate the effectiveness of our method on two object classes: traffic signs and traffic lights. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides near-precise localization results in terms of completeness and positional accuracy. Among many potential applications, the output may be combined with other sources of data to guide autonomous vehicles