Mohamad Sheikho Al Jasem

Molly Campbell, Mohamad Sheikho Al Jasem, Ajay Kumar Shrestha

Smart Voice assistants (SVAs) are widely adopted by youth, yet privacy decision-making in these environments is often characterized by competing considerations rather than clear-cut preferences. While our prior research has examined privacy risks, benefits, trust, and self-efficacy as distinct predictors of behavior, less attention has been paid to how these factors combine into higher-level tension that shapes privacy outcomes. This study introduces a negotiation-based framework for understanding youth privacy decision-making with SVAs by operationalizing two composite indices: the Risk-Benefit Tension Index (RBTI) and the Control-Acceptance Tension Index (CATI), using survey data from 469 Canadian youth aged 16-24. We examine the distribution of these indices and their relationship with privacy-protective behavior and SVA usage. Results show that both indices are meaningfully associated with protective action. Frequent SVA usage exhibits more benefit-dominant and acceptance-leaning negotiation profiles, suggesting that convenience-driven engagement may come at the expense of perceived control. By reframing privacy decision-making as a process of negotiation rather than inconsistency, this study offers a complementary perspective on the privacy paradox and provides a compact measurement approach for capturing how youth navigate competing privacy pressures in voice-enabled ecosystems.

Molly Campbell, Trevor De Clark, Mohamad Sheikho Al Jasem et al.

Smart voice assistants (SVAs) are embedded in the daily lives of youth, yet their privacy controls often remain opaque and difficult to manage. Through five semi-structured focus groups (N=26) with young Canadians (ages 16-24), we investigate how perceived privacy risks (PPR) and benefits (PPBf) intersect with algorithmic transparency and trust (ATT) and privacy self-efficacy (PSE) to shape privacy-protective behaviors (PPB). Our analysis reveals that policy overload, fragmented settings, and unclear data retention undermine self-efficacy and discourage protective actions. Conversely, simple transparency cues were associated with greater confidence without diminishing the utility of hands-free tasks and entertainment. We synthesize these findings into a qualitative model in which transparency friction erodes PSE, which in turn weakens PPB. From this model, we derive actionable design guidance for SVAs, including a unified privacy hub, plain-language "data nutrition" labels, clear retention defaults, and device-conditional micro-tutorials. This work foregrounds youth perspectives and offers a path for SVA governance and design that empowers young digital citizens while preserving convenience.