In Kee Kim

Shivani Arbat, Vinodh Kumaran Jayakumar, Jaewoo Lee et al.

Predictive Virtual Machine (VM) auto-scaling is a promising technique to optimize cloud applications operating costs and performance. Understanding the job arrival rate is crucial for accurately predicting future changes in cloud workloads and proactively provisioning and de-provisioning VMs for hosting the applications. However, developing a model that accurately predicts cloud workload changes is extremely challenging due to the dynamic nature of cloud workloads. Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) models have been developed for cloud workload prediction. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art LSTM model leverages recurrences to predict, which naturally adds complexity and increases the inference overhead as input sequences grow longer. To develop a cloud workload prediction model with high accuracy and low inference overhead, this work presents a novel time-series forecasting model called WGAN-gp Transformer, inspired by the Transformer network and improved Wasserstein-GANs. The proposed method adopts a Transformer network as a generator and a multi-layer perceptron as a critic. The extensive evaluations with real-world workload traces show WGAN-gp Transformer achieves 5 times faster inference time with up to 5.1 percent higher prediction accuracy against the state-of-the-art approach. We also apply WGAN-gp Transformer to auto-scaling mechanisms on Google cloud platforms, and the WGAN-gp Transformer-based auto-scaling mechanism outperforms the LSTM-based mechanism by significantly reducing VM over-provisioning and under-provisioning rates.

Devjyoti Chakraborty, Zaki Sukma, Rakandhiya D. Rachmanto et al.

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) have emerged as a powerful approach for photorealistic 3D reconstruction from multi-view images. However, deploying NeRF for satellite imagery remains challenging. Each scene requires individual training, and optimizing architectures via Neural Architecture Search (NAS) demands hours to days of GPU time. While existing approaches focus on architectural improvements, our SHAP analysis reveals that multi-view consistency, rather than model architecture, determines reconstruction quality. Based on this insight, we develop PreSCAN, a predictive framework that estimates NeRF quality prior to training using lightweight geometric and photometric descriptors. PreSCAN selects suitable architectures in < 30 seconds with < 1 dB prediction error, achieving 1000$\times$ speedup over NAS. We further demonstrate PreSCAN's deployment utility on edge platforms (Jetson Orin), where combining its predictions with offline cost profiling reduces inference power by 26% and latency by 43% with minimal quality loss. Experiments on DFC2019 datasets confirm that PreSCAN generalizes across diverse satellite scenes without retraining.

Ahmad N. L. Nabhaan, Zaki Sukma, Rakandhiya D. Rachmanto et al.

For deep learning inference on edge devices, hardware configurations achieving the same throughput can differ by 2$\times$ in power consumption, yet operators often struggle to find the efficient ones without exhaustive profiling. Existing approaches often rely on inefficient static presets or require expensive offline profiling that must be repeated for each new model or device. To address this problem, we present CORAL, an online optimization method that discovers near-optimal configurations without offline profiling. CORAL leverages distance covariance to statistically capture the non-linear dependencies between hardware settings, e.g., DVFS and concurrency levels, and performance metrics. Unlike prior work, we explicitly formulate the challenge as a throughput-power co-optimization problem to satisfy power budgets and throughput targets simultaneously. We evaluate CORAL on two NVIDIA Jetson devices across three object detection models ranging from lightweight to heavyweight. In single-target scenarios, CORAL achieves 96% $\unicode{x2013}$ 100% of the optimal performance found by exhaustive search. In strict dual-constraint scenarios where baselines fail or exceed power budgets, CORAL consistently finds proper configurations online with minimal exploration.

Huashan Chen, Zhenyu Qi, Haotang Li et al.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become central to automated code generation, yet existing approaches operate within a single-LLM paradigm: one model is selected and applied throughout the entire generation process. We observe that different LLMs exhibit complementary strengths: no single model dominates across all programming languages, algorithmic problem categories, or development stages. Multi-LLM collaboration, structured as per-stage, per-category routing rather than majority voting, produces higher-quality code than any individual model. Based on this observation, we propose PerfOrch, a multi-agent orchestration system that decomposes code generation into four collaborative agents: categorization, generation, debugging, and refinement. Each agent maintains a Memory module: a ranking matrix indexed by programming language and problem category, constructed from offline profiling and consulted at runtime to select the most suitable model for each task. We evaluate PerfOrch on two benchmarks, HumanEval-X and EffiBench-X, totaling 2,500 problems across five languages (Python, Java, C++, Go, and Rust). PerfOrch achieves average pass@1 rates of 97.19% on HumanEval-X and 95.83% on EffiBench-X, improving over the strongest single-model pipeline by 1.22-14.58 percentage points across languages. Notably, Memory rankings constructed solely from HumanEval-X profiling generalize to the entirely unseen EffiBench-X benchmark without re-profiling, demonstrating that the complementary-strength patterns PerfOrch exploits are properties of the models rather than artifacts of a specific problem distribution. Beyond correctness, PerfOrch improves execution time for 61-90% of solved problems with mean speedups of 4.7-29.9%, matching the refinement coverage of exhaustive multi-model evaluation at roughly half the token cost.

Kriti Ghosh, Devjyoti Chakraborty, Lakshmish Ramaswamy et al.

Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis. However, most existing NeRF frameworks require complete retraining when new views are introduced incrementally, limiting their applicability in domains where data arrives sequentially. This limitation is particularly problematic in satellite-based terrain analysis, where regions are repeatedly observed over time. Incremental refinement of NeRFs remains underexplored, and naive approaches suffer from catastrophic forgetting when past data is unavailable. We propose $Δ$-NeRF, a unique modular residual framework for incremental NeRF refinement. $Δ$-NeRF introduces several novel techniques including: (1) a residual controller that injects per-layer corrections into a frozen base NeRF, enabling refinement without access to past data; (2) an uncertainty-aware gating mechanism that prevents overcorrection by adaptively combining base and refined predictions; and (3) a view selection strategy that reduces training data by up to 47\% while maintaining performance. Additionally, we employ knowledge distillation to compress the enhanced model into a compact student network (20\% of original size). Experiments on satellite imagery demonstrate that $Δ$-NeRF achieves performance comparable to joint training while reducing training time by 30-42\%. $Δ$-NeRF consistently outperforms existing baselines, achieving an improvement of up to 43.5\% in PSNR over naive fine-tuning and surpassing joint training on some metrics.