Humza Naveed

Humza Naveed, Asad Ullah Khan, Shi Qiu et al.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks and beyond. This success of LLMs has led to a large influx of research contributions in this direction. These works encompass diverse topics such as architectural innovations, better training strategies, context length improvements, fine-tuning, multi-modal LLMs, robotics, datasets, benchmarking, efficiency, and more. With the rapid development of techniques and regular breakthroughs in LLM research, it has become considerably challenging to perceive the bigger picture of the advances in this direction. Considering the rapidly emerging plethora of literature on LLMs, it is imperative that the research community is able to benefit from a concise yet comprehensive overview of the recent developments in this field. This article provides an overview of the existing literature on a broad range of LLM-related concepts. Our self-contained comprehensive overview of LLMs discusses relevant background concepts along with covering the advanced topics at the frontier of research in LLMs. This review article is intended to not only provide a systematic survey but also a quick comprehensive reference for the researchers and practitioners to draw insights from extensive informative summaries of the existing works to advance the LLM research.

Humza Naveed, Xina Zeng, Mitch Bryson et al.

Foundational models have achieved significant success in diverse domains of computer vision. They learn general representations that are easily transferable to tasks not seen during training. One such foundational model is Segment anything model (SAM), which can accurately segment objects in images. We propose adapting the SAM encoder via fine-tuning for remote sensing change detection (RSCD) along with spatial-temporal feature enhancement (STFE) and multi-scale decoder fusion (MSDF) to detect changes robustly at multiple scales. Additionally, we propose a novel cross-entropy masking (CEM) loss to handle high class imbalance in change detection datasets. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods on four change detection datasets, Levir-CD, WHU-CD, CLCD, and S2Looking. We achieved 2.5% F1-score improvement on a large complex S2Looking dataset. The code is available at: https://github.com/humza909/SAM-CEM-CD

Humza Naveed, Saeed Anwar, Munawar Hayat et al.

Neural networks are prone to overfitting and memorizing data patterns. To avoid over-fitting and enhance their generalization and performance, various methods have been suggested in the literature, including dropout, regularization, label smoothing, etc. One such method is augmentation which introduces different types of corruption in the data to prevent the model from overfitting and to memorize patterns present in the data. A sub-area of data augmentation is image mixing and deleting. This specific type of augmentation either deletes image regions or mixes two images to hide or make particular characteristics of images confusing for the network, forcing it to emphasize the overall structure of the object in an image. Models trained with this approach have proven to perform and generalize well compared to those trained without image mixing or deleting. An added benefit that comes with this method of training is robustness against image corruption. Due to its low computational cost and recent success, researchers have proposed many image mixing and deleting techniques. We furnish an in-depth survey of image mixing and deleting techniques and provide categorization via their most distinguishing features. We initiate our discussion with some fundamental relevant concepts. Next, we present essentials, such as each category's strengths and limitations, describing their working mechanism, basic formulations, and applications. We also discuss the general challenges and recommend possible future research directions for image mixing and deleting data augmentation techniques. Datasets and codes for evaluation are publicly available here.