Dyako Fatih

Huaifeng Zhang, Fahmi Abdulqadir Ahmed, Dyako Fatih et al.

Today's software is bloated with both code and features that are not used by most users. This bloat is prevalent across the entire software stack, from operating systems and applications to containers. Containers are lightweight virtualization technologies used to package code and dependencies, providing portable, reproducible and isolated environments. For their ease of use, data scientists often utilize machine learning containers to simplify their workflow. However, this convenience comes at a cost: containers are often bloated with unnecessary code and dependencies, resulting in very large sizes. In this paper, we analyze and quantify bloat in machine learning containers. We develop MMLB, a framework for analyzing bloat in software systems, focusing on machine learning containers. MMLB measures the amount of bloat at both the container and package levels, quantifying the sources of bloat. In addition, MMLB integrates with vulnerability analysis tools and performs package dependency analysis to evaluate the impact of bloat on container vulnerabilities. Through experimentation with 15 machine learning containers from TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Nvidia, we show that bloat accounts for up to 80% of machine learning container sizes, increasing container provisioning times by up to 370% and exacerbating vulnerabilities by up to 99%.

Shiliang Zhang, Dyako Fatih, Fahmi Abdulqadir et al.

This work presents an extended version of the Vehicle Energy Dataset (VED), which is a openly released large-scale dataset for vehicle energy consumption analysis. Compared with its original version, the extended VED (eVED) dataset is enhanced with accurate vehicle trip GPS coordinates, serving as a basis to associate the VED trip records with external information, e.g., road speed limit and intersections, from accessible map services to accumulate attributes that is essential in analyzing vehicle energy consumption. In particularly, we calibrate all the GPS trace records in the original VED data, upon which we associated the VED data with attributes extracted from the Geographic Information System (QGIS), the Overpass API, the Open Street Map API, and Google Maps API. The associated attributes include 12,609,170 records of road elevation, 12,203,044 of speed limit, 12,281,719 of speed limit with direction (in case the road is bi-directional), 584,551 of intersections, 429,638 of bus stop, 312,196 of crossings, 195,856 of traffic signals, 29,397 of stop signs, 5,848 of turning loops, 4,053 of railway crossings (level crossing), 3,554 of turning circles, and 2,938 of motorway junctions. With the accurate GPS coordinates and enriched features of the vehicle trip record, the obtained eVED dataset can provide a precise and abundant medium to feed a learning engine, especially a deep learning engine that is more demanding on data sufficiency and richness. Moreover, our software work for data calibration and enrichment can be reused to generate further vehicle trip datasets for specific user cases, contributing to deep insights into vehicle behaviors and traffic dynamics analyses. We anticipate that the eVED dataset and our data enrichment software can serve the academic and industrial automotive section as apparatus in developing future technologies.