Pierre-Philippe Mathieu

Michael L. Marszalek, Bertrand Le Saux, Pierre-Philippe Mathieu et al.

Machine learning, satellites or local sensors are key factors for a sustainable and resource-saving optimisation of agriculture and proved its values for the management of agricultural land. Up to now, the main focus was on the enlargement of data which were evaluated by means of supervised learning methods. Nevertheless, the need for labels is also a limiting and time-consuming factor, while in contrast, ongoing technological development is already providing an ever-increasing amount of unlabeled data. Self-supervised learning (SSL) could overcome this limitation and incorporate existing unlabeled data. Therefore, a crop type data set was utilized to conduct experiments with SSL and compare it to supervised methods. A unique feature of our data set from 2016 to 2018 was a divergent climatological condition in 2018 that reduced yields and affected the spectral fingerprint of the plants. Our experiments focused on predicting 2018 using SLL without or a few labels to clarify whether new labels should be collected for an unknown year. Despite these challenging conditions, the results showed that SSL contributed to higher accuracies. We believe that the results will encourage further improvements in the field of precision farming, why the SSL framework and data will be published (Marszalek, 2021).

Jonas Weiss, Patricia Sagmeister, Gabriel Maiolini Capez et al.

Dramatic cost reductions driven by private sector innovations have led to a rapid increase in the number of satellites in orbit and a corresponding surge in space-generated data. As this trend continues, transmitting large volumes of data to Earth for processing may become increasingly costly and challenging due to potential space-to-Earth link congestion and increased latency. Moreover, traditional ground station networks may face difficulties accommodating growing data flows and workloads because of capacity constraints, complex scheduling logistics, and restricted visibility windows, which can limit scalability. Space Data Centers (SDCs) -- software-driven, multi-tenant artificial intelligence-based service platforms capable of processing data in orbit to generate actionable insights for client satellites and ground users -- represent a promising approach to address these challenges. This article presents the architecture of a Low Earth Orbit SDC satellite constellation, considering orbital design, inter-satellite links and network topology, computational resource organization, and software service orchestration. We analyze the potential technical feasibility and economic viability of SDCs using forecasting models informed by technology roadmaps and illustrate the concept through Earth observation and lunar exploration use cases.