Saksham Aggarwal

Nanda Rani, Kimberly Milner, Minghao Shao et al.

Existing benchmarks for LLM-based offensive security agents use isolated, single-target setups with a known vulnerable service and fixed objective. They measure exploitation effectively, but miss how real Capture-the-Flag (CTF) participants triage unknown surfaces, prioritize targets, and allocate effort under uncertainty. Current evaluations therefore fail to assess strategic reasoning beyond exploitation alone. To address this, we introduce \textit{CTFExplorer}, a benchmark suite that shifts offensive security evaluation toward a multi-target setting, which tests how agents explore, prioritize, and chain attacks. CTFExplorer deploys 40 web-based vulnerable services within a single environment, where agents must autonomously discover, distinguish, and exploit targets without predefined guidance. We also present a reactive multi-agent setup as a reference agent framework and develop an agent-agnostic evaluation framework that records structured reasoning traces for fine-grained assessment. This enables behavioral evaluation beyond binary flag capture, such as how agents manage target selection, handle failed hypotheses, coordinate across multiple stages, and extract security intelligence.

Saksham Aggarwal, Taneesh Gupta, Pawan Kumar Sahu et al. · berkeley

Object trackers deployed on low-power devices need to be light-weight, however, most of the current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods rely on using compute-heavy backbones built using CNNs or transformers. Large sizes of such models do not allow their deployment in low-power conditions and designing compressed variants of large tracking models is of great importance. This paper demonstrates how highly compressed light-weight object trackers can be designed using neural architectural pruning of large CNN and transformer based trackers. Further, a comparative study on architectural choices best suited to design light-weight trackers is provided. A comparison between SOTA trackers using CNNs, transformers as well as the combination of the two is presented to study their stability at various compression ratios. Finally results for extreme pruning scenarios going as low as 1% in some cases are shown to study the limits of network pruning in object tracking. This work provides deeper insights into designing highly efficient trackers from existing SOTA methods.

Rohit Agarwal, Gyanendra Das, Saksham Aggarwal et al.

Image retrieval has garnered growing interest in recent times. The current approaches are either supervised or self-supervised. These methods do not exploit the benefits of hybrid learning using both supervision and self-supervision. We present a novel Master Assistant Buddy Network (MABNet) for image retrieval which incorporates both learning mechanisms. MABNet consists of master and assistant blocks, both learning independently through supervision and collectively via self-supervision. The master guides the assistant by providing its knowledge base as a reference for self-supervision and the assistant reports its knowledge back to the master by weight transfer. We perform extensive experiments on public datasets with and without post-processing.

Minghao Shao, Nanda Rani, Kimberly Milner et al.

Recent advances in LLM agentic systems have improved the automation of offensive security tasks, particularly for Capture the Flag (CTF) challenges. We systematically investigate the key factors that drive agent success and provide a detailed recipe for building effective LLM-based offensive security agents. First, we present CTFJudge, a framework leveraging LLM as a judge to analyze agent trajectories and provide granular evaluation across CTF solving steps. Second, we propose a novel metric, CTF Competency Index (CCI) for partial correctness, revealing how closely agent solutions align with human-crafted gold standards. Third, we examine how LLM hyperparameters, namely temperature, top-p, and maximum token length, influence agent performance and automated cybersecurity task planning. For rapid evaluation, we present CTFTiny, a curated benchmark of 50 representative CTF challenges across binary exploitation, web, reverse engineering, forensics, and cryptography. Our findings identify optimal multi-agent coordination settings and lay the groundwork for future LLM agent research in cybersecurity. We make CTFTiny open source to public https://github.com/NYU-LLM-CTF/CTFTiny along with CTFJudge on https://github.com/NYU-LLM-CTF/CTFJudge.

Pawan Kumar Sahu, Saksham Aggarwal, Taneesh Gupta et al.

One of the most pressing societal issues is the fight against false news. The false claims, as difficult as they are to expose, create a lot of damage. To tackle the problem, fact verification becomes crucial and thus has been a topic of interest among diverse research communities. Using only the textual form of data we propose our solution to the problem and achieve competitive results with other approaches. We present our solution based on two approaches - PLM (pre-trained language model) based method and Prompt based method. The PLM-based approach uses the traditional supervised learning, where the model is trained to take 'x' as input and output prediction 'y' as P(y|x). Whereas, Prompt-based learning reflects the idea to design input to fit the model such that the original objective may be re-framed as a problem of (masked) language modeling. We may further stimulate the rich knowledge provided by PLMs to better serve downstream tasks by employing extra prompts to fine-tune PLMs. Our experiments showed that the proposed method performs better than just fine-tuning PLMs. We achieved an F1 score of 0.6946 on the FACTIFY dataset and a 7th position on the competition leader-board.

Udbhav Bamba, Neeraj Anand, Saksham Aggarwal et al.

Binarization is a powerful compression technique for neural networks, significantly reducing FLOPs, but often results in a significant drop in model performance. To address this issue, partial binarization techniques have been developed, but a systematic approach to mixing binary and full-precision parameters in a single network is still lacking. In this paper, we propose a controlled approach to partial binarization, creating a budgeted binary neural network (B2NN) with our MixBin strategy. This method optimizes the mixing of binary and full-precision components, allowing for explicit selection of the fraction of the network to remain binary. Our experiments show that B2NNs created using MixBin outperform those from random or iterative searches and state-of-the-art layer selection methods by up to 3% on the ImageNet-1K dataset. We also show that B2NNs outperform the structured pruning baseline by approximately 23% at the extreme FLOP budget of 15%, and perform well in object tracking, with up to a 12.4% relative improvement over other baselines. Additionally, we demonstrate that B2NNs developed by MixBin can be transferred across datasets, with some cases showing improved performance over directly applying MixBin on the downstream data.

Md Tanvirul Alam, Saksham Aggarwal, Justin Yang Chae et al.

We present Sphinx, a synthetic environment for visual perception and reasoning that targets core cognitive primitives. Sphinx procedurally generates puzzles using motifs, tiles, charts, icons, and geometric primitives, each paired with verifiable ground-truth solutions, enabling both precise evaluation and large-scale dataset construction. The benchmark covers 25 task types spanning symmetry detection, geometric transformations, spatial reasoning, chart interpretation, and sequence prediction. Evaluating recent large vision-language models (LVLMs) shows that even state-of-the-art GPT-5 attains only 51.1% accuracy, well below human performance. Finally, we demonstrate that reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) substantially improves model accuracy on these tasks and yields gains on external visual reasoning benchmarks, highlighting its promise for advancing multimodal reasoning.