Mian Zhou

Chenyu Xue, Yiran Liu, Mian Zhou et al.

Medical image segmentation driven by free-text clinical instructions is a critical frontier in computer-aided diagnosis. However, existing multimodal and foundation models struggle with the semantic ambiguity of clinical reports and fail to disambiguate complex anatomical overlaps in low-contrast scans. Furthermore, fully fine-tuning these massive architectures on limited medical datasets invariably leads to severe overfitting. To address these challenges, we propose a novel Semantic-Topological Graph Reasoning (STGR) framework for language-guided pulmonary screening. Our approach elegantly synergizes the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLaMA-3-V) with the zero-shot delineation of vision foundation models (MedSAM). Specifically, we introduce a Text-to-Vision Intent Distillation (TVID) module to extract precise diagnostic guidance. To resolve anatomical ambiguity, we formulate mask selection as a dynamic graph reasoning problem, where candidate lesions are modeled as nodes and edges capture spatial and semantic affinities. To ensure deployment feasibility, we introduce a Selective Asymmetric Fine-Tuning (SAFT) strategy that updates less than 1% of the parameters. Rigorous 5-fold cross-validation on the LIDC-IDRI and LNDb datasets demonstrates that our framework establishes a new state-of-the-art. Notably, it achieves an 81.5% Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) on LIDC-IDRI, outperforming leading LLM-based tools like LISA by over 5%. Crucially, our SAFT strategy acts as a powerful regularizer, yielding exceptional cross-fold stability (0.6% DSC variance) and paving the way for robust, context-aware clinical deployment.

Zhixiang Lu, Yulong Li, Feilong Tang et al.

Large-scale tuberculosis (TB) screening is limited by the high cost and operational complexity of traditional diagnostics, creating a need for artificial-intelligence solutions. We propose DeepGB-TB, a non-invasive system that instantly assigns TB risk scores using only cough audio and basic demographic data. The model couples a lightweight one-dimensional convolutional neural network for audio processing with a gradient-boosted decision tree for tabular features. Its principal innovation is a Cross-Modal Bidirectional Cross-Attention module (CM-BCA) that iteratively exchanges salient cues between modalities, emulating the way clinicians integrate symptoms and risk factors. To meet the clinical priority of minimizing missed cases, we design a Tuberculosis Risk-Balanced Loss (TRBL) that places stronger penalties on false-negative predictions, thereby reducing high-risk misclassifications. DeepGB-TB is evaluated on a diverse dataset of 1,105 patients collected across seven countries, achieving an AUROC of 0.903 and an F1-score of 0.851, representing a new state of the art. Its computational efficiency enables real-time, offline inference directly on common mobile devices, making it ideal for low-resource settings. Importantly, the system produces clinically validated explanations that promote trust and adoption by frontline health workers. By coupling AI innovation with public-health requirements for speed, affordability, and reliability, DeepGB-TB offers a tool for advancing global TB control.

Yulong Li, Yuxuan Zhang, Feilong Tang et al.

Sign language is the primary communication mode for 72 million hearing-impaired individuals worldwide, necessitating effective bidirectional Sign Language Production and Sign Language Translation systems. However, functional bidirectional systems require a unified linguistic environment, hindered by the lack of suitable unified datasets, particularly those providing the necessary pose information for accurate Sign Language Production (SLP) evaluation. Concurrently, current SLP evaluation methods like back-translation ignore pose accuracy, and high-quality coordinated generation remains challenging. To create this crucial environment and overcome these challenges, we introduce CNText2Sign and CNSign, which together constitute the first unified dataset aimed at supporting bidirectional accessibility systems for Chinese sign language; CNText2Sign provides 15,000 natural language-to-sign mappings and standardized skeletal keypoints for 8,643 vocabulary items supporting pose assessment. Building upon this foundation, we propose the AuraLLM model, which leverages a decoupled architecture with CNText2Sign's pose data for novel direct gesture accuracy assessment. The model employs retrieval augmentation and Cascading Vocabulary Resolution to handle semantic mapping and out-of-vocabulary words and achieves all-scenario production with controllable coordination of gestures and facial expressions via pose-conditioned video synthesis. Concurrently, our Sign Language Translation model SignMST-C employs targeted self-supervised pretraining for dynamic feature capture, achieving new SOTA results on PHOENIX2014-T with BLEU-4 scores up to 32.08. AuraLLM establishes a strong performance baseline on CNText2Sign with a BLEU-4 score of 50.41 under direct evaluation.

Jing Su, Qingyun Dai, Frank Guerin et al.

Visual storytelling is a creative and challenging task, aiming to automatically generate a story-like description for a sequence of images. The descriptions generated by previous visual storytelling approaches lack coherence because they use word-level sequence generation methods and do not adequately consider sentence-level dependencies. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel hierarchical visual storytelling framework which separately models sentence-level and word-level semantics. We use the transformer-based BERT to obtain embeddings for sentences and words. We then employ a hierarchical LSTM network: the bottom LSTM receives as input the sentence vector representation from BERT, to learn the dependencies between the sentences corresponding to images, and the top LSTM is responsible for generating the corresponding word vector representations, taking input from the bottom LSTM. Experimental results demonstrate that our model outperforms most closely related baselines under automatic evaluation metrics BLEU and CIDEr, and also show the effectiveness of our method with human evaluation.

Jing Su, Chenghua Lin, Mian Zhou et al.

In this paper, we propose an end-to-end CNN-LSTM model for generating descriptions for sequential images with a local-object attention mechanism. To generate coherent descriptions, we capture global semantic context using a multi-layer perceptron, which learns the dependencies between sequential images. A paralleled LSTM network is exploited for decoding the sequence descriptions. Experimental results show that our model outperforms the baseline across three different evaluation metrics on the datasets published by Microsoft.