Xiaoyi Gu

Hao-Jun Michael Shi, Mindy Case, Xiaoyi Gu et al.

In this paper, we compare and catalog the performance of various greedy quantized compressed sensing algorithms that reconstruct sparse signals from quantized compressed measurements. We also introduce two new greedy approaches for reconstruction: Quantized Compressed Sampling Matching Pursuit (QCoSaMP) and Adaptive Outlier Pursuit for Quantized Iterative Hard Thresholding (AOP-QIHT). We compare the performance of greedy quantized compressed sensing algorithms for a given bit-depth, sparsity, and noise level.

Chris Garnatz, Xiaoyi Gu, Alison Kingman et al.

Compressive sensing (CS) is a new signal acquisition paradigm which shows that far fewer samples are required to reconstruct sparse signals than previously thought. Although most of the literature focuses on signals sparse in a fixed orthonormal basis, recently the Signal Space CoSaMP (SSCoSaMP) greedy method was developed for the reconstruction of signals compressible in arbitrary redundant dictionaries. The algorithm itself needs access to approximate sparse projection schemes, which have been difficult to obtain and analyze. This paper investigates the use of several different projection schemes and catalogs for what types of signals each scheme can successfully be utilized. In addition, we present novel hybrid projection methods which outperform all other schemes on a wide variety of signal classes.

Xiaoyi Gu, Deanna Needell, Shenyinying Tu

Compressive sensing (CS) is a new technology which allows the acquisition of signals directly in compressed form, using far fewer measurements than traditional theory dictates. Recently, many so-called signal space methods have been developed to extend this body of work to signals sparse in arbitrary dictionaries rather than orthonormal bases. In doing so, CS can be utilized in a much broader array of practical settings. Often, such approaches often rely on the ability to optimally project a signal onto a small number of dictionary atoms. Such optimal, or even approximate, projections have been difficult to derive theoretically. Nonetheless, it has been observed experimentally that conventional CS approaches can be used for such projections, and still provide accurate signal recovery. In this letter, we summarize the empirical evidence and clearly demonstrate for what signal types certain CS methods may be used as approximate projections. In addition, we provide theoretical guarantees for such methods for certain sparse signal structures. Our theoretical results match those observed in experimental studies, and we thus establish both experimentally and theoretically that these CS methods can be used in this context. \end{abstract}

Shancong Mou, Xiaoyi Gu, Meng Cao et al.

Generative adversarial networks (GANs), trained on a large-scale image dataset, can be a good approximator of the natural image manifold. GAN-inversion, using a pre-trained generator as a deep generative prior, is a promising tool for image restoration under corruptions. However, the performance of GAN-inversion can be limited by a lack of robustness to unknown gross corruptions, i.e., the restored image might easily deviate from the ground truth. In this paper, we propose a Robust GAN-inversion (RGI) method with a provable robustness guarantee to achieve image restoration under unknown \textit{gross} corruptions, where a small fraction of pixels are completely corrupted. Under mild assumptions, we show that the restored image and the identified corrupted region mask converge asymptotically to the ground truth. Moreover, we extend RGI to Relaxed-RGI (R-RGI) for generator fine-tuning to mitigate the gap between the GAN learned manifold and the true image manifold while avoiding trivial overfitting to the corrupted input image, which further improves the image restoration and corrupted region mask identification performance. The proposed RGI/R-RGI method unifies two important applications with state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance: (i) mask-free semantic inpainting, where the corruptions are unknown missing regions, the restored background can be used to restore the missing content; (ii) unsupervised pixel-wise anomaly detection, where the corruptions are unknown anomalous regions, the retrieved mask can be used as the anomalous region's segmentation mask.

Xiaoyi Gu, Leman Akoglu, Alessandro Rinaldo

Nearest-neighbor (NN) procedures are well studied and widely used in both supervised and unsupervised learning problems. In this paper we are concerned with investigating the performance of NN-based methods for anomaly detection. We first show through extensive simulations that NN methods compare favorably to some of the other state-of-the-art algorithms for anomaly detection based on a set of benchmark synthetic datasets. We further consider the performance of NN methods on real datasets, and relate it to the dimensionality of the problem. Next, we analyze the theoretical properties of NN-methods for anomaly detection by studying a more general quantity called distance-to-measure (DTM), originally developed in the literature on robust geometric and topological inference. We provide finite-sample uniform guarantees for the empirical DTM and use them to derive misclassification rates for anomalous observations under various settings. In our analysis we rely on Huber's contamination model and formulate mild geometric regularity assumptions on the underlying distribution of the data.

Honglin Yuan, Xiaoyi Gu, Rongjie Lai et al.

Orthogonality constrained optimization is widely used in applications from science and engineering. Due to the nonconvex orthogonality constraints, many numerical algorithms often can hardly achieve the global optimality. We aim at establishing an efficient scheme for finding global minimizers under one or more orthogonality constraints. The main concept is based on noisy gradient flow constructed from stochastic differential equations (SDE) on the Stiefel manifold, the differential geometric characterization of orthogonality constraints. We derive an explicit representation of SDE on the Stiefel manifold endowed with a canonical metric and propose a numerically efficient scheme to simulate this SDE based on Cayley transformation with theoretical convergence guarantee. The convergence to global optimizers is proved under second-order continuity. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms are demonstrated on a variety of problems including homogeneous polynomial optimization, computation of stability number, and 3D structure determination from Common Lines in Cryo-EM.