Eamonn O'Neill

Holly Wilson, Scott Wellington, Foteini Simistira Liwicki et al.

Decoding inner speech from the brain signal via hybridisation of fMRI and EEG data is explored to investigate the performance benefits over unimodal models. Two different bimodal fusion approaches are examined: concatenation of probability vectors output from unimodal fMRI and EEG machine learning models, and data fusion with feature engineering. Same task inner speech data are recorded from four participants, and different processing strategies are compared and contrasted to previously-employed hybridisation methods. Data across participants are discovered to encode different underlying structures, which results in varying decoding performances between subject-dependent fusion models. Decoding performance is demonstrated as improved when pursuing bimodal fMRI-EEG fusion strategies, if the data show underlying structure.

Huixin Zhong, Eamonn O'Neill, Janina A. Hoffmann

Article 5 of the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act is intended to regulate AI use to prevent potentially harmful consequences. Nevertheless, applying this legislation practically is likely to be challenging because of ambiguously used terminologies and because it fails to specify which manipulation techniques may be invoked by AI, potentially leading to significant harm. This paper aims to bridge this gap by defining key terms and demonstrating how AI may invoke these techniques, drawing from insights in psychology and behavioural economics. First, this paper provides definitions of the terms "subliminal techniques", "manipulative techniques" and "deceptive techniques". Secondly, we identified from the literature in cognitive psychology and behavioural economics three subliminal and five manipulative techniques and exemplify how AI might implement these techniques to manipulate users in real-world case scenarios. These illustrations may serve as a practical guide for stakeholders to detect cases of AI manipulation and consequently devise preventive measures. Article 5 has also been criticised for offering inadequate protection. We critically assess the protection offered by Article 5, proposing specific revisions to paragraph 1, points (a) and (b) of Article 5 to increase its protective effectiveness.

Gang Ren, Wenbin Li, Eamonn O'Neill

As interactive devices become pervasive, people are beginning to looking for more advanced interaction with televisions in the living room. Interactive television has the potential to offer a very engaging experience. But most common user tasks are still challenging with such systems, such as menu selection or text input. And little work has been done on understanding and sup-porting the effective design of freehand interaction with an TV in the living room. In this paper, we perform two studies investi-gating freehand gestural interaction with a consumer level sensor, which is suitable for TV scenarios. In the first study, we inves-tigate a range of design factors for tiled layout menu selection, including wearable feedback, push gesture depth, target size and position in motor space. The results show that tactile and audio feedback have no significant effect on performance and prefer-ence, and these results inform potential designs for high selection performance. In the second study, we investigate a common TV user task of text input using freehand gesture. We design and evaluate two virtual keyboard layouts and three freehand selec-tion methods. Results show that ease of use and error tolerance can be both achieved using a text entry method utilizing a dual circle layout and an expanding target selection technique. Finally, we propose design guidelines for effective, usable and com-fortable freehand gestural interaction for interactive TV based on the findings.