Bruna Bazaluk

Tiago da Silva, Bruna Bazaluk, Eliezer de Souza da Silva et al.

Causal discovery (CD) algorithms are notably brittle when data is scarce, inferring unreliable causal relations that may contradict expert knowledge, especially when considering latent confounders. Furthermore, the lack of uncertainty quantification in most CD methods hinders users from diagnosing and refining results. To address these issues, we introduce Ancestral GFlowNets (AGFNs). AGFN samples ancestral graphs (AGs) proportionally to a score-based belief distribution representing our epistemic uncertainty over the causal relationships. Building upon this distribution, we propose an elicitation framework for expert-driven assessment. This framework comprises an optimal experimental design to probe the expert and a scheme to incorporate the obtained feedback into AGFN. Our experiments show that: i) AGFN is competitive against other methods that address latent confounding on both synthetic and real-world datasets; and ii) our design for incorporating feedback from a (simulated) human expert or a Large Language Model (LLM) improves inference quality.

Bruna Bazaluk, Mosab Hamdan, Mustafa Ghaleb et al.

The classification of IoT traffic is important to improve the efficiency and security of IoT-based networks. As the state-of-the-art classification methods are based on Deep Learning, most of the current results require a large amount of data to be trained. Thereby, in real-life situations, where there is a scarce amount of IoT traffic data, the models would not perform so well. Consequently, these models underperform outside their initial training conditions and fail to capture the complex characteristics of network traffic, rendering them inefficient and unreliable in real-world applications. In this paper, we propose IoT Traffic Classification Transformer (ITCT), a novel approach that utilizes the state-of-the-art transformer-based model named TabTransformer. ITCT, which is pre-trained on a large labeled MQTT-based IoT traffic dataset and may be fine-tuned with a small set of labeled data, showed promising results in various traffic classification tasks. Our experiments demonstrated that the ITCT model significantly outperforms existing models, achieving an overall accuracy of 82%. To support reproducibility and collaborative development, all associated code has been made publicly available.