Dongdong Lin, Yue Li, Benedetta Tondi et al.
The rapid proliferation of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is driving a surge in model watermarking technologies, as the trained models themselves constitute valuable intellectual property. Existing watermarking approaches primarily focus on modifying model parameters or altering sampling behaviors. However, with the emergence of increasingly large models, improving the efficiency of watermark embedding becomes essential to manage increasing computational demands. Prioritizing efficiency not only optimizes resource utilization, making the watermarking process more applicable for large models, but also mitigates potential degradation of model performance. In this paper, we propose an efficient watermarking method for Latent Diffusion Models (LDMs) based on Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA). The core idea is to introduce trainable low-rank parameters into the frozen LDM to embed watermark, thereby preserving the integrity of the original model weights. Furthermore, a dynamic loss weight scheduler is designed to adaptively balance the objectives of generative quality and watermark fidelity, enabling the model to achieve effective watermark embedding with minimal impact on quality of the generated images. Experimental results show that the proposed method ensures fast and accurate watermark embedding and a high quality of the generated images, at the same time maintaining a level of robustness aligned - in some cases superior - with state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, the method generalizes well across different datasets and base LDMs. Codes are available at: https://github.com/MrDongdongLin/EW-LoRA.