Xiao Luo

Xiaoyu Wang, Haoyong Ouyang, Balu Bhasuran et al.

Accurate interpretation of lab results is crucial in clinical medicine, yet most patient portals use universal normal ranges, ignoring conditional factors like age and gender. This study introduces Lab-AI, an interactive system that offers personalized normal ranges using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) from credible health sources. Lab-AI has two modules: factor retrieval and normal range retrieval. We tested these on 122 lab tests: 40 with conditional factors and 82 without. For tests with factors, normal ranges depend on patient-specific information. Our results show GPT-4-turbo with RAG achieved a 0.948 F1 score for factor retrieval and 0.995 accuracy for normal range retrieval. GPT-4-turbo with RAG outperformed the best non-RAG system by 33.5% in factor retrieval and showed 132% and 100% improvements in question-level and lab-level performance, respectively, for normal range retrieval. These findings highlight Lab-AI's potential to enhance patient understanding of lab results.

Zhenbang Du, Yonggan Fu, Lifu Wang et al.

Diffusion models have shown remarkable success across generative tasks, yet their high computational demands challenge deployment on resource-limited platforms. This paper investigates a critical question for compute-optimal diffusion model deployment: Under a post-training setting without fine-tuning, is it more effective to reduce the number of denoising steps or to use a cheaper per-step inference? Intuitively, reducing the number of denoising steps increases the variability of the distributions across steps, making the model more sensitive to compression. In contrast, keeping more denoising steps makes the differences smaller, preserving redundancy, and making post-training compression more feasible. To systematically examine this, we propose PostDiff, a training-free framework for accelerating pre-trained diffusion models by reducing redundancy at both the input level and module level in a post-training manner. At the input level, we propose a mixed-resolution denoising scheme based on the insight that reducing generation resolution in early denoising steps can enhance low-frequency components and improve final generation fidelity. At the module level, we employ a hybrid module caching strategy to reuse computations across denoising steps. Extensive experiments and ablation studies demonstrate that (1) PostDiff can significantly improve the fidelity-efficiency trade-off of state-of-the-art diffusion models, and (2) to boost efficiency while maintaining decent generation fidelity, reducing per-step inference cost is often more effective than reducing the number of denoising steps. Our code is available at https://github.com/GATECH-EIC/PostDiff.

Behafarid Mohammad Jafari, Xiao Luo, Ali Jafari

Social recommendations have been widely adopted in substantial domains. Recently, graph neural networks (GNN) have been employed in recommender systems due to their success in graph representation learning. However, dealing with the dynamic property of social network data is a challenge. This research presents a novel method that provides social recommendations by incorporating the dynamic property of social network data in a heterogeneous graph. The model aims to capture user preference over time without going through the complexities of a dynamic graph by adding period nodes to define users' long-term and short-term preferences and aggregating assigned edge weights. The model is applied to real-world data to argue its superior performance. Promising results demonstrate the effectiveness of this model.

Matthew Tang, Priyanka Gandhi, Md Ahsanul Kabir et al.

Various deep learning algorithms have been developed to analyze different types of clinical data including clinical text classification and extracting information from 'free text' and so on. However, automate the keyword extraction from the clinical notes is still challenging. The challenges include dealing with noisy clinical notes which contain various abbreviations, possible typos, and unstructured sentences. The objective of this research is to investigate the attention-based deep learning models to classify the de-identified clinical progress notes extracted from a real-world EHR system. The attention-based deep learning models can be used to interpret the models and understand the critical words that drive the correct or incorrect classification of the clinical progress notes. The attention-based models in this research are capable of presenting the human interpretable text classification models. The results show that the fine-tuned BERT with the attention layer can achieve a high classification accuracy of 97.6%, which is higher than the baseline fine-tuned BERT classification model. In this research, we also demonstrate that the attention-based models can identify relevant keywords that are strongly related to the clinical progress note categories.

Setu Shah, Xiao Luo

Document clustering is a text mining technique used to provide better document search and browsing in digital libraries or online corpora. A lot of research has been done on biomedical document clustering that is based on using existing ontology. But, associations and co-occurrences of the medical concepts are not well represented by using ontology. In this research, a vector representation of concepts of diseases and similarity measurement between concepts are proposed. They identify the closest concepts of diseases in the context of a corpus. Each document is represented by using the vector space model. A weight scheme is proposed to consider both local content and associations between concepts. A Self-Organizing Map is used as document clustering algorithm. The vector projection and visualization features of SOM enable visualization and analysis of the clusters distributions and relationships on the two dimensional space. The experimental results show that the proposed document clustering framework generates meaningful clusters and facilitate visualization of the clusters based on the concepts of diseases.