Weiye Zhang

Peng Zhou, Yongdong Liu, Lixun Ma et al.

The escalating prevalence of encryption protocols has led to a concomitant surge in the number of malicious attacks that hide in encrypted traffic. Power grid systems, as fundamental infrastructure, are becoming prime targets for such attacks. Conventional methods for detecting malicious encrypted packets typically use a static pre-trained model. We observe that these methods are not well-suited for blockchain-based power grid systems. More critically, they fall short in dynamic environments where new types of encrypted attacks continuously emerge. Motivated by this, in this paper we try to tackle these challenges from two aspects: (1) We present a novel framework that is able to automatically detect malicious encrypted traffic in blockchain-based power grid systems and incrementally learn from new malicious traffic. (2) We mathematically derive incremental learning losses to resist the forgetting of old attack patterns while ensuring the model is capable of handling new encrypted attack patterns. Empirically, our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on three different benchmark datasets. We also constructed the first malicious encrypted traffic dataset for blockchain-based power grid scenario. Our code and dataset are available at https://github.com/PPPmzt/ETGuard, hoping to inspire future research.

Fan Du, Feng Yan, Jianxiong Wu et al.

Flow-based vision-language-action (VLA) policies offer strong expressivity for action generation, but suffer from a fundamental inefficiency: multi-step inference is required to recover action structure from uninformative Gaussian noise, leading to a poor efficiency-quality trade-off under real-time constraints. We address this issue by rethinking the role of the starting point in generative action modeling. Instead of shortening the sampling trajectory, we propose CF-VLA, a coarse-to-fine two-stage formulation that restructures action generation into a coarse initialization step that constructs an action-aware starting point, followed by a single-step local refinement that corrects residual errors. Concretely, the coarse stage learns a conditional posterior over endpoint velocity to transform Gaussian noise into a structured initialization, while the fine stage performs a fixed-time refinement from this initialization. To stabilize training, we introduce a stepwise strategy that first learns a controlled coarse predictor and then performs joint optimization. Experiments on CALVIN and LIBERO show that our method establishes a strong efficiency-performance frontier under low-NFE (Number of Function Evaluations) regimes: it consistently outperforms existing NFE=2 methods, matches or surpasses the NFE=10 $π_{0.5}$ baseline on several metrics, reduces action sampling latency by 75.4\%, and achieves the best average real-robot success rate of 83.0\%, outperforming MIP by 19.5 points and $π_{0.5}$ by 4.0 points. These results suggest that structured, coarse-to-fine generation enables both strong performance and efficient inference. Our code is available at https://github.com/EmbodiedAI-RoboTron/CF-VLA.