Lucia Sobrin

Mohammad Eslami, Dhanvinkumar Ganeshkumar, Saber Kazeminasab et al.

We present CataractSAM-2, a domain-adapted extension of Meta's Segment Anything Model 2, designed for real-time semantic segmentation of cataract ophthalmic surgery videos with high accuracy. Positioned at the intersection of computer vision and medical robotics, CataractSAM-2 enables precise intraoperative perception crucial for robotic-assisted and computer-guided surgical systems. Furthermore, to alleviate the burden of manual labeling, we introduce an interactive annotation framework that combines sparse prompts with video-based mask propagation. This tool significantly reduces annotation time and facilitates the scalable creation of high-quality ground-truth masks, accelerating dataset development for ocular anterior segment surgeries. We also demonstrate the model's strong zero-shot generalization to glaucoma trabeculectomy procedures, confirming its cross-procedural utility and potential for broader surgical applications. The trained model and annotation toolkit are released as open-source resources, establishing CataractSAM-2 as a foundation for expanding anterior ophthalmic surgical datasets and advancing real-time AI-driven solutions in medical robotics, as well as surgical video understanding.

Meng Wang, Tian Lin, Aidi Lin et al.

Previous foundation models for fundus images were pre-trained with limited disease categories and knowledge base. Here we introduce a knowledge-rich vision-language model (RetiZero) that leverages knowledge from more than 400 fundus diseases. For RetiZero's pretraining, we compiled 341,896 fundus images paired with texts, sourced from public datasets, ophthalmic literature, and online resources, encompassing a diverse range of diseases across multiple ethnicities and countries. RetiZero exhibits remarkable performance in several downstream tasks, including zero-shot disease recognition, image-to-image retrieval, AI-assisted clinical diagnosis,few-shot fine-tuning, and internal- and cross-domain disease identification. In zero-shot scenarios, RetiZero achieves Top-5 accuracies of 0.843 for 15 diseases and 0.756 for 52 diseases. For image retrieval, it achieves Top-5 scores of 0.950 and 0.886 for the same sets, respectively. AI-assisted clinical diagnosis results show that RetiZero's Top-3 zero-shot performance surpasses the average of 19 ophthalmologists from Singapore, China, and the United States. RetiZero substantially enhances clinicians' accuracy in diagnosing fundus diseases, in particularly rare ones. These findings underscore the value of integrating the RetiZero into clinical settings, where various fundus diseases are encountered.