Raja Muthalagu

Isha Andrade, Shalaka S Mahadik, Mithun Mukherjee et al.

The proliferation of large-scale IoT networks has been both a blessing and a curse. Not only has it revolutionized the way organizations operate by increasing the efficiency of automated procedures, but it has also simplified our daily lives. However, while IoT networks have improved convenience and connectivity, they have also increased security risk due to unauthorized devices gaining access to these networks and exploiting existing weaknesses with specific attack types. The research proposes two lightweight deep learning (DL)-based intelligent intrusion detection systems (IDS). to enhance the security of IoT networks: the proposed convolutional neural network (CNN)-based IDS and the proposed long short-term memory (LSTM)-based IDS. The research evaluated the performance of both intelligent IDSs based on DL using the CICIoT2023 dataset. DL-based intelligent IDSs successfully identify and classify various cyber threats using binary, grouped, and multi-class classification. The proposed CNN-based IDS achieves an accuracy of 99.34%, 99.02% and 98.6%, while the proposed LSTM-based IDS achieves an accuracy of 99.42%, 99.13%, and 98.68% for binary, grouped, and multi-class classification, respectively.

Kanishkha Jaisankar, Pranav M. Pawar, Diana Susane Joseph et al.

Deep learning and computer vision techniques have become increasingly important in the development of self-driving cars. These techniques play a crucial role in enabling self-driving cars to perceive and understand their surroundings, allowing them to safely navigate and make decisions in real-time. Using Neural Networks self-driving cars can accurately identify and classify objects such as pedestrians, other vehicles, and traffic signals. Using deep learning and analyzing data from sensors such as cameras and radar, self-driving cars can predict the likely movement of other objects and plan their own actions accordingly. In this study, a novel approach to enhance the performance of selfdriving cars by using pre-trained and custom-made neural networks for key tasks, including traffic sign classification, vehicle detection, lane detection, and behavioral cloning is provided. The methodology integrates several innovative techniques, such as geometric and color transformations for data augmentation, image normalization, and transfer learning for feature extraction. These techniques are applied to diverse datasets,including the German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB), road and lane segmentation datasets, vehicle detection datasets, and data collected using the Udacity selfdriving car simulator to evaluate the model efficacy. The primary objective of the work is to review the state-of-the-art in deep learning and computer vision for self-driving cars. The findings of the work are effective in solving various challenges related to self-driving cars like traffic sign classification, lane prediction, vehicle detection, and behavioral cloning, and provide valuable insights into improving the robustness and reliability of autonomous systems, paving the way for future research and deployment of safer and more efficient self-driving technologies.

Parth Ganeriwala, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya, Raja Muthalagu

Transfer Learning has become one of the standard methods to solve problems to overcome the isolated learning paradigm by utilizing knowledge acquired for one task to solve another related one. However, research needs to be done, to identify the initial steps before inducing transfer learning to applications for further verification and explainablity. In this research, we have performed cross dataset analysis and network architecture repair for the lane detection application in autonomous vehicles. Lane detection is an important aspect of autonomous vehicles driving assistance system. In most circumstances, modern deep-learning-based lane recognition systems are successful, but they struggle with lanes with complex topologies. The proposed architecture, ERFCondLaneNet is an enhancement to the CondlaneNet used for lane identification framework to solve the difficulty of detecting lane lines with complex topologies like dense, curved and fork lines. The newly proposed technique was tested on two common lane detecting benchmarks, CULane and CurveLanes respectively, and two different backbones, ResNet and ERFNet. The researched technique with ERFCondLaneNet, exhibited similar performance in comparison to ResnetCondLaneNet, while using 33% less features, resulting in a reduction of model size by 46%.

Shini Girija, Pranav M. Pawar, Raja Muthalagu et al.

Privacy has always been a critical issue in the digital era, particularly with the increasing use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. As the IoT continues to transform industries such as healthcare, smart cities, and home automation, it has also introduced serious challenges regarding the security of sensitive and private data. This paper examines the complex landscape of digital privacy in IoT ecosystems, highlighting the need to protect personally identifiable information (PII) of individuals and uphold their rights to digital independence. Global events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, have accelerated the adoption of IoT, raising concerns about privacy and data protection. This paper provides an in-depth examination of digital privacy risks in the IoT domain and introduces a clear taxonomy for evaluating them using the IEEE Digital Privacy Model. The proposed framework categorizes privacy risks into five types: identity-oriented, behavioral, inference, data manipulation, and regulatory risks. We review existing digital privacy solutions, including encryption technologies, blockchain, federated learning, differential privacy, reinforcement learning, AI, and dynamic consent mechanisms, to mitigate these risks. We also highlight how these privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs) help with data confidentiality, access control, and trust management. Additionally, this study presents AURA-IoT, a futuristic framework that tackles AI-driven privacy risks through a multi-layered structure. AURA-IoT integrates adversarial robustness, explainability, transparency, fairness, compliance, dynamic consent, and policy enforcement mechanisms to ensure digital privacy, security, and accountable IoT operations. Finally, we discuss ongoing challenges and potential research directions for integrating AI and encryption-based privacy solutions to achieve comprehensive digital privacy in future IoT systems.

Mohammed Abdul Hafeez Khan, Parth Ganeriwala, Siddhartha Bhattacharyya et al.

Labels are the cornerstone of supervised machine learning algorithms. Most visual recognition methods are fully supervised, using bounding boxes or pixel-wise segmentations for object localization. Traditional labeling methods, such as crowd-sourcing, are prohibitive due to cost, data privacy, amount of time, and potential errors on large datasets. To address these issues, we propose a novel annotation framework, Advanced Line Identification and Notation Algorithm (ALINA), which can be used for labeling taxiway datasets that consist of different camera perspectives and variable weather attributes (sunny and cloudy). Additionally, the CIRCular threshoLd pixEl Discovery And Traversal (CIRCLEDAT) algorithm has been proposed, which is an integral step in determining the pixels corresponding to taxiway line markings. Once the pixels are identified, ALINA generates corresponding pixel coordinate annotations on the frame. Using this approach, 60,249 frames from the taxiway dataset, AssistTaxi have been labeled. To evaluate the performance, a context-based edge map (CBEM) set was generated manually based on edge features and connectivity. The detection rate after testing the annotated labels with the CBEM set was recorded as 98.45%, attesting its dependability and effectiveness.