Tim Storer

William Wallis, William Kavanagh, Alice Miller et al.

User friendly tools have lowered the requirements of high-quality game design to the point where researchers without development experience can release their own games. However, there is no established best-practice as few games have been produced for research purposes. Having developed a mobile game without the guidance of similar projects, we realised the need to share our experience so future researchers have a path to follow. Research into game balancing and system simulation required an experimental case study, which inspired the creation of "RPGLite", a multiplayer mobile game. In creating RPGLitewith no development expertise we learned a series of lessons about effective amateur game development for research purposes. In this paper we reflect on the entire development process and present these lessons.

George Grispos, William Bradley Glisson, Tim Storer

An increasing number of cybersecurity incidents prompts organizations to explore alternative security solutions, such as threat intelligence programs. For such programs to succeed, data needs to be collected, validated, and recorded in relevant datastores. One potential source supplying these datastores is an organization's security incident response team. However, researchers have argued that these teams focus more on eradication and recovery and less on providing feedback to enhance organizational security. This prompts the idea that data collected during security incident investigations may be of insufficient quality for threat intelligence analysis. While previous discussions focus on data quality issues from threat intelligence sharing perspectives, minimal research examines the data generated during incident response investigations. This paper presents the results of a case study identifying data quality challenges in a Fortune 500 organization's incident response team. Furthermore, the paper provides the foundation for future research regarding data quality concerns in security incident response.

George Grispos, William Bradley Glisson, David Bourrie et al.

Reports and press releases highlight that security incidents continue to plague organizations. While researchers and practitioners' alike endeavor to identify and implement realistic security solutions to prevent incidents from occurring, the ability to initially identify a security incident is paramount when researching a security incident lifecycle. Hence, this research investigates the ability of employees in a Global Fortune 500 financial organization, through internal electronic surveys, to recognize and report security incidents to pursue a more holistic security posture. The research contribution is an initial insight into security incident perceptions by employees in the financial sector as well as serving as an initial guide for future security incident recognition and reporting initiatives.

George Grispos, William Bradley Glisson, Tim Storer

Industrial reports indicate that security incidents continue to inflict large financial losses on organizations. Researchers and industrial analysts contend that there are fundamental problems with existing security incident response process solutions. This paper presents the Security Incident Response Criteria (SIRC) which can be applied to a variety of security incident response approaches. The criteria are derived from empirical data based on in-depth interviews conducted within a Global Fortune 500 organization and supporting literature. The research contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the criteria presented in this paper can be used to evaluate existing security incident response solutions and second, as a guide, to support future security incident response improvement initiatives.

George Grispos, William Bradley Glisson, Tim Storer

There is a growing demand for cloud storage services such as Dropbox, Box, Syncplicity and SugarSync. These public cloud storage services can store gigabytes of corporate and personal data in remote data centres around the world, which can then be synchronized to multiple devices. This creates an environment which is potentially conducive to security incidents, data breaches and other malicious activities. The forensic investigation of public cloud environments presents a number of new challenges for the digital forensics community. However, it is anticipated that end-devices such as smartphones, will retain data from these cloud storage services. This research investigates how forensic tools that are currently available to practitioners can be used to provide a practical solution for the problems related to investigating cloud storage environments. The research contribution is threefold. First, the findings from this research support the idea that end-devices which have been used to access cloud storage services can be used to provide a partial view of the evidence stored in the cloud service. Second, the research provides a comparison of the number of files which can be recovered from different versions of cloud storage applications. In doing so, it also supports the idea that amalgamating the files recovered from more than one device can result in the recovery of a more complete dataset. Third, the chapter contributes to the documentation and evidentiary discussion of the artefacts created from specific cloud storage applications and different versions of these applications on iOS and Android smartphones.

George Grispos, Tim Storer, William Bradley Glisson

Cloud computing is a rapidly evolving information technology (IT) phenomenon. Rather than procure, deploy and manage a physical IT infrastructure to host their software applications, organizations are increasingly deploying their infrastructure into remote, virtualized environments, often hosted and managed by third parties. This development has significant implications for digital forensic investigators, equipment vendors, law enforcement, as well as corporate compliance and audit departments (among others). Much of digital forensic practice assumes careful control and management of IT assets (particularly data storage) during the conduct of an investigation. This paper summarises the key aspects of cloud computing and analyses how established digital forensic procedures will be invalidated in this new environment. Several new research challenges addressing this changing context are also identified and discussed.

George Grispos, William Bradley Glisson, Tim Storer

In today's globally networked environment, information security incidents can inflict staggering financial losses on organizations. Industry reports indicate that fundamental problems exist with the application of current linear plan-driven security incident response approaches being applied in many organizations. Researchers argue that traditional approaches value containment and eradication over incident learning. While previous security incident response research focused on best practice development, linear plan-driven approaches and the technical aspects of security incident response, very little research investigates the integration of agile principles and practices into the security incident response process. This paper proposes that the integration of disciplined agile principles and practices into the security incident response process is a practical solution to strengthening an organization's security incident response posture.

William Bradley Glisson, Tim Storer

Mobile devices, such as phones, tablets and laptops, expose businesses and governments to a multitude of information security risks. While Information Systems research has focused on the security and privacy aspects from the end-user perspective regarding mobile devices, very little research has been conducted within corporate environments. In this work, thirty-two mobile devices were returned by employees in a global Fortune 500 company. In the empirical analysis, a number of significant security risks were uncovered which may have led to leakage of valuable intellectual property or exposed the organization to future legal conflicts. The research contribution is an initial empirical report highlighting examples of corporate policy breaches by users along with providing a foundation for future research on the security risks of the pervasive presence of mobile devices in corporate environments.

George Grispos, William Bradley Glisson, Tim Storer

Cloud computing is quickly becoming pervasive in today's globally integrated networks. The cloud offers organizations opportunities to potentially deploy software and data solutions that are accessible through numerous mechanisms, in a multitude of settings, at a reduced cost with increased reliability and scalability. The increasingly pervasive and ubiquitous nature of the cloud creates an environment that is potentially conducive to security risks. While previous discussions have focused on security and privacy issues in the cloud from the end-users perspective, minimal empirical research has been conducted from the perspective of a corporate environment case study. This paper presents the results of an initial case study identifying real-world information security documentation issues for a Global Fortune 500 organization, should the organization decide to implement cloud computing services in the future. The paper demonstrates the importance of auditing policies, standards and guidelines applicable to cloud computing environments along with highlighting potential corporate concerns. The results from this case study has revealed that from the 1123 'relevant' statements found in the organization's security documentation, 175 statements were considered to be 'inadequate' for cloud computing. Furthermore, the paper provides a foundation for future analysis and research regarding implementation concerns for corporate cloud computing applications and services

George Grispos, William Bradley Glisson, Tim Storer

Cloud storage services such as Dropbox, Box and SugarSync have been embraced by both individuals and organizations. This creates an environment that is potentially conducive to security breaches and malicious activities. The investigation of these cloud environments presents new challenges for the digital forensics community. It is anticipated that smartphone devices will retain data from these storage services. Hence, this research presents a preliminary investigation into the residual artifacts created on an iOS and Android device that has accessed a cloud storage service. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it provides an initial assessment on the extent to which cloud storage data is stored on these client-side devices. This view acts as a proxy for data stored in the cloud. Secondly, it provides documentation on the artifacts that could be useful in a digital forensics investigation of cloud services.

Ian Sommerville, Russell Lock, Tim Storer

In this paper, we discuss an approach to system requirements engineering, which is based on using models of the responsibilities assigned to agents in a multi-agency system of systems. The responsibility models serve as a basis for identifying the stakeholders that should be considered in establishing the requirements and provide a basis for a structured approach, described here, for information requirements elicitation. We illustrate this approach using a case study drawn from civil emergency management.