Marcus Edel

Ryan R. Curtin, Marcus Edel, Conrad Sanderson

We describe the Bandicoot GPU linear algebra toolkit, a C++ based library that prioritises ease of use without compromising efficiency. Bandicoot's API is compatible with the popular Armadillo CPU linear algebra library, enabling easy transition for existing CPU-based codebases. Unlike other GPU-focused toolkits, Bandicoot uses template metaprogramming to generate fused GPU kernels directly at compile time, yielding efficient kernels that are often able to saturate memory bandwidth. This removes the need for runtime overhead or JIT infrastructure. Empirical results show that Bandicoot outperforms (sometimes by considerable margins) commonly-used linear algebra toolkits including PyTorch, TensorFlow, and JAX.

Ryan R. Curtin, Marcus Edel

mlpack is an open-source C++ machine learning library with an emphasis on speed and flexibility. Since its original inception in 2007, it has grown to be a large project implementing a wide variety of machine learning algorithms, from standard techniques such as decision trees and logistic regression to modern techniques such as deep neural networks as well as other recently-published cutting-edge techniques not found in any other library. mlpack is quite fast, with benchmarks showing mlpack outperforming other libraries' implementations of the same methods. mlpack has an active community, with contributors from around the world---including some from PUST. This short paper describes the goals and design of mlpack, discusses how the open-source community functions, and shows an example usage of mlpack for a simple data science problem.

Ryan R. Curtin, Marcus Edel, Rahul Ganesh Prabhu et al.

We overview the ensmallen numerical optimization library, which provides a flexible C++ framework for mathematical optimization of user-supplied objective functions. Many types of objective functions are supported, including general, differentiable, separable, constrained, and categorical. A diverse set of pre-built optimizers is provided, including Quasi-Newton optimizers and many variants of Stochastic Gradient Descent. The underlying framework facilitates the implementation of new optimizers. Optimization of an objective function typically requires supplying only one or two C++ functions. Custom behavior can be easily specified via callback functions. Empirical comparisons show that ensmallen outperforms other frameworks while providing more functionality. The library is available at https://ensmallen.org and is distributed under the permissive BSD license.

Ryan R. Curtin, Marcus Edel, Rahul Ganesh Prabhu et al.

This report provides an introduction to the ensmallen numerical optimization library, as well as a deep dive into the technical details of how it works. The library provides a fast and flexible C++ framework for mathematical optimization of arbitrary user-supplied functions. A large set of pre-built optimizers is provided, including many variants of Stochastic Gradient Descent and Quasi-Newton optimizers. Several types of objective functions are supported, including differentiable, separable, constrained, and categorical objective functions. Implementation of a new optimizer requires only one method, while a new objective function requires typically only one or two C++ methods. Through internal use of C++ template metaprogramming, ensmallen provides support for arbitrary user-supplied callbacks and automatic inference of unsupplied methods without any runtime overhead. Empirical comparisons show that ensmallen outperforms other optimization frameworks (such as Julia and SciPy), sometimes by large margins. The library is available at https://ensmallen.org and is distributed under the permissive BSD license.

Shikhar Bhardwaj, Ryan R. Curtin, Marcus Edel et al.

We present ensmallen, a fast and flexible C++ library for mathematical optimization of arbitrary user-supplied functions, which can be applied to many machine learning problems. Several types of optimizations are supported, including differentiable, separable, constrained, and categorical objective functions. The library provides many pre-built optimizers (including numerous variants of SGD and Quasi-Newton optimizers) as well as a flexible framework for implementing new optimizers and objective functions. Implementation of a new optimizer requires only one method and a new objective function requires typically one or two C++ functions. This can aid in the quick implementation and prototyping of new machine learning algorithms. Due to the use of C++ template metaprogramming, ensmallen is able to support compiler optimizations that provide fast runtimes. Empirical comparisons show that ensmallen is able to outperform other optimization frameworks (like Julia and SciPy), sometimes by large margins. The library is distributed under the BSD license and is ready for use in production environments.

Ryan R. Curtin, Shikhar Bhardwaj, Marcus Edel et al.

The development of the mlpack C++ machine learning library (http://www.mlpack.org/) has required the design and implementation of a flexible, robust optimization system that is able to solve the types of arbitrary optimization problems that may arise all throughout machine learning problems. In this paper, we present the generic optimization framework that we have designed for mlpack. A key priority in the design was ease of implementation of both new optimizers and new objective functions to be optimized; therefore, implementation of a new optimizer requires only one method and implementation of a new objective function requires at most four functions. This leads to simple and intuitive code, which, for fast prototyping and experimentation, is of paramount importance. When compared to optimization frameworks of other libraries, we find that mlpack's supports more types of objective functions, is able to make optimizations that other frameworks do not, and seamlessly supports user-defined objective functions and optimizers.