Pierluigi San Pietro

Claudio Menghi, Marcello Bersani, Matteo Rossi et al.

Timed Automata (TA) is de facto a standard modelling formalism to represent systems when the interest is the analysis of their behaviour as time progresses. This modelling formalism is mostly used for checking whether the behaviours of a system satisfy a set of properties of interest. Even if efficient model-checkers for Timed Automata exist, these tools are not easily configurable. First, they are not designed to easily allow adding new Timed Automata constructs, such as new synchronization mechanisms or communication procedures, but they assume a fixed set of Timed Automata constructs. Second, they usually do not support the full Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL) and rely on a precise semantics for the logic in which the property of interest is specified which cannot be easily modified and customized. Finally, they do not easily allow using different solvers that may speed up verification in different contexts. This paper presents a novel technique to perform model checking of full Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL) properties on TA. The technique relies on the translation of both the TA and the MITL formula into an intermediate Constraint LTL over clocks (CLTLoc) formula which is verified through an available decision procedure. The technique is flexible since the intermediate logic allows the encoding of new semantics as well as new TA constructs, by just adding new CLTLoc formulae. Furthermore, our technique is not bound to a specific solver as the intermediate CLTLoc formula can be verified using different procedures.

Marcello M. Bersani, Domenico Bianculli, Carlo Ghezzi et al.

The problem of checking a logged event trace against a temporal logic specification arises in many practical cases. Unfortunately, known algorithms for an expressive logic like MTL (Metric Temporal Logic) do not scale with respect to two crucial dimensions: the length of the trace and the size of the time interval for which logged events must be buffered to check satisfaction of the specification. The former issue can be addressed by distributed and parallel trace checking algorithms that can take advantage of modern cloud computing and programming frameworks like MapReduce. Still, the latter issue remains open with current state-of-the-art approaches. In this paper we address this memory scalability issue by proposing a new semantics for MTL, called lazy semantics. This semantics can evaluate temporal formulae and boolean combinations of temporal-only formulae at any arbitrary time instant. We prove that lazy semantics is more expressive than standard point-based semantics and that it can be used as a basis for a correct parametric decomposition of any MTL formula into an equivalent one with smaller, bounded time intervals. We use lazy semantics to extend our previous distributed trace checking algorithm for MTL. We evaluate the proposed algorithm in terms of memory scalability and time/memory tradeoffs.

Domenico Bianculli, Carlo Ghezzi, Srdan Krstic et al.

Service-based applications are often developed as compositions of partner services. A service integrator needs precise methods to specify the quality attributes expected by each partner service, as well as effective techniques to verify these attributes. In previous work, we identified the most common specification patterns related to provisioning service-based applications and developed an expressive specification language (SOLOIST) that supports them. SOLOIST is an extension of metric temporal logic with aggregate temporal modalities that can be used to write quantitative temporal properties. In this paper we address the problem of performing offline checking of service execution traces against quantitative requirements specifications written in SOLOIST. We present a translation of SOLOIST into CLTLB(D), a variant of linear temporal logic, and reduce the trace checking of SOLOIST to bounded satisfiability checking of CLTLB(D), which is supported by ZOT, an SMT-based verification toolkit. We detail the results of applying the proposed offline trace checking procedure to different types of traces, and compare its performance with previous work.