Srijan Sengupta

Zhen Guo, Jin-Hee Cho, Ing-Ray Chen et al.

We are living in an era when online communication over social network services (SNSs) have become an indispensable part of people's everyday lives. As a consequence, online social deception (OSD) in SNSs has emerged as a serious threat in cyberspace, particularly for users vulnerable to such cyberattacks. Cyber attackers have exploited the sophisticated features of SNSs to carry out harmful OSD activities, such as financial fraud, privacy threat, or sexual/labor exploitation. Therefore, it is critical to understand OSD and develop effective countermeasures against OSD for building a trustworthy SNSs. In this paper, we conducted an extensive survey, covering (i) the multidisciplinary concepts of social deception; (ii) types of OSD attacks and their unique characteristics compared to other social network attacks and cybercrimes; (iii) comprehensive defense mechanisms embracing prevention, detection, and response (or mitigation) against OSD attacks along with their pros and cons; (iv) datasets/metrics used for validation and verification; and (v) legal and ethical concerns related to OSD research. Based on this survey, we provide insights into the effectiveness of countermeasures and the lessons from existing literature. We conclude this survey paper with an in-depth discussions on the limitations of the state-of-the-art and recommend future research directions in this area.

Somnath Bhadra, Kaustav Chakraborty, Srijan Sengupta et al.

This paper studies the matched network inference problem, where the goal is to determine if two networks, defined on a common set of nodes, exhibit a specific form of stochastic similarity. Two notions of similarity are considered: (i) equality, i.e., testing whether the networks arise from the same random graph model, and (ii) scaling, i.e., testing whether their probability matrices are proportional for some unknown scaling constant. We develop a testing framework based on a parametric bootstrap approach and a Frobenius norm-based test statistic. The proposed approach is highly versatile as it covers both the equality and scaling problems, and ensures adaptability under various model settings, including stochastic blockmodels, Chung-Lu models, and random dot product graph models. We establish theoretical consistency of the proposed tests and demonstrate their empirical performance through extensive simulations under a wide range of model classes. Our results establish the flexibility and computational efficiency of the proposed method compared to existing approaches. We also report a real-world application involving the Aarhus network dataset, which reveals meaningful sociological patterns across different communication layers.

Subhankar Bhadra, Srijan Sengupta

Cliques, or fully connected subgraphs, are among the most important and well-studied graph motifs in network science. We consider the problem of finding a statisti- cally anomalous clique hidden in a large network. There are two parts to this problem: (1) detection, i.e., determining whether an anomalous clique is present, and (2) localization, i.e., determining which vertices of the network constitute the detected clique. While this problem has been extensively studied under the homogeneous Erdos-Renyi model, little progress has been made beyond this simple setting, and no existing method can perform detection and localization in inhomogeneous networks within finite time. To address this gap, we first show that in homogeneous networks, the anomalousness of a clique depends solely on its size. This property does not carry over to inhomogeneous networks, where the identity of the vertices forming the clique plays a critical role, and a smaller clique can be more anomalous than a larger one. Building on this insight, we propose a unified method for clique detection and localization based on a class of subgraphs called egonets. The proposed method generalizes to a wide variety of inhomogeneous network models and is naturally amenable to parallel computing. We establish the theoretical properties of the proposed method and demonstrate its empirical performance through simulation studies and application to two real world networks.