Maurizio Naldi

Luis Guijarro, Maurizio Naldi, Vicent Pla et al.

In Beyond5G and 6G networks, a common theme is that sensing will play a more significant role than ever before. Over this trend, Integrated Sensing and Communications (ISAC) is focused on unifying the sensing functionalities and the communications ones and to pursue direct tradeoffs between them as well as mutual performance gains. We frame the resource tradeoff between the SAC functionalities within an economic setting. We model a service provision by one operator to the users, the utility of which is derived from both SAC functionalities. The tradeoff between the resources that the operator assigns to the SAC functionalities is analyzed from the point of view of the service prices, quantities and profits. We demonstrate that equilibrium quantities and prices exist. And we provide relevant recommendations for enforcing regulatory limits of both power and bandwidth.

Giuseppe D'Acquisto, Maurizio Naldi

An anonymization technique for databases is proposed that employs Principal Component Analysis. The technique aims at releasing the least possible amount of information, while preserving the utility of the data released in response to queries. The general scheme is described, and alternative metrics are proposed to assess utility, based respectively on matrix norms; correlation coefficients; divergence measures, and quality indices of database images. This approach allows to properly measure the utility of output data and incorporate that measure in the anonymization method.

Maurizio Naldi

Four packages in R are analyzed to carry out sentiment analysis. All packages allow to define custom dictionaries. Just one - Sentiment R - properly accounts for the presence of negators.

Maurizio Naldi, Giuseppe D'Acquisto

A marketplace is defined where the private data of suppliers (e.g., prosumers) are protected, so that neither their identity nor their level of stock is made known to end customers, while they can sell their products at a reduced price. A broker acts as an intermediary, which takes care of providing the items missing to meet the customers' demand and allows end customers to take advantages of reduced prices through the subscription of option contracts. Formulas are provided for the option price under three different probability models for the availability of items. Option pricing allows the broker to partially transfer its risk on end customers.

Maurizio Naldi

Zipf's law appears in many application areas but does not have a closed form expression, which may make its use cumbersome. Since it coincides with the truncated version of the Zeta distribution, in this paper we propose three approximate closed form expressions for the truncated Zeta distribution, which may be employed for Zipf's law as well. The three approximations are based on the replacement of the sum occurring in Zipf's law with an integral, and are named respectively the integral approximation, the average integral approximation, and the trapezoidal approximation. While the first one is shown to be of little use, the trapezoidal approximation exhibits an error which is typically lower than 1\%, but is as low as 0.1\% for the range of values of the Zipf parameter below 1.

Maurizio Naldi, Giuseppe D'Acquisto

Differential privacy is achieved by the introduction of Laplacian noise in the response to a query, establishing a precise trade-off between the level of differential privacy and the accuracy of the database response (via the amount of noise introduced). However, the amount of noise to add is typically defined through the scale parameter of the Laplace distribution, whose use may not be so intuitive. In this paper we propose to use two parameters instead, related to the notion of interval estimation, which provide a more intuitive picture of how precisely the true output of a counting query may be gauged from the noise-polluted one (hence, how much the individual's privacy is protected).

Maurizio Naldi, Giuseppe D'Acquisto

Suppliers (including companies and individual prosumers) may wish to protect their private information when selling items they have in stock. A market is envisaged where private information can be protected through the use of differential privacy and option contracts, while privacy-aware suppliers deliver their stock at a reduced price. In such a marketplace a broker acts as intermediary between privacy-aware suppliers and end customers, providing the extra items possibly needed to fully meet the customers' demand, while end customers book the items they need through an option contract. All stakeholders may benefit from such a marketplace. A formula is provided for the option price, and a budget equation is set for the mechanism to be profitable for the broker/producer.

Maurizio Naldi, Giuseppe D'Acquisto

Differential privacy is achieved by the introduction of Laplacian noise in the response to a query, establishing a precise trade-off between the level of differential privacy and the accuracy of the database response (via the amount of noise introduced). Multiple queries may improve the accuracy but erode the privacy budget. We examine the case where we submit just a single counting query. We show that even in that case a Bayesian approach may be used to improve the accuracy for the same amount of noise injected, if we know the size of the database and the probability of a positive response to the query.

Giuseppe D'Acquisto, Maurizio Naldi, Giuseppe F. Italiano

Every time the customer (individual or company) has to release personal information to its service provider (e.g., an online store or a cloud computing provider), it faces a trade-off between the benefits gained (enhanced or cheaper services) and the risks it incurs (identity theft and fraudulent uses). The amount of personal information released is the major decision variable in that trade-off problem, and has a proxy in the maximum loss the customer may incur. We find the conditions for a unique optimal solution to exist for that problem as that maximizing the customer's surplus. We also show that the optimal amount of personal information is influenced most by the immediate benefits the customer gets, i.e., the price and the quantity of service offered by the service provider, rather than by maximum loss it may incur. Easy spenders take larger risks with respect to low-spenders, but an increase in price drives customers towards a more careful risk-taking attitude anyway. A major role is also played by the privacy level, which the service provider employs to regulate the benefits released to the customers. We also provide a closed form solution for the limit case of a perfectly secure provider, showing that the results do not differ significantly from those obtained in the general case. The trade-off analysis may be employed by the customer to determine its level of exposure in the relationship with its service provider.