Maryam Arab

Maryam Arab, Thomas D LaToza, Amy J Ko

Knowledge sharing plays a crucial role throughout all software application development activities. When programmers learn and share through media like Stack overflow, GitHub, Meetups, videos, discussion forums, wikis, and blogs, every developer benefits. However, there is one kind of knowledge that developers share far less often: strategic knowledge for how to approach programming problems (e.g., how to debug server-side Python errors, how to resolve a merge conflict, how to evaluate the stability of an API one is considering for adoption). In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of developers articulating and sharing their strategic knowledge, and the use of these strategies to support other developers in their problem-solving. We specifically investigate challenges that developers face in articulating strategies in a form in which other developers can use to increase their productivity. To observe this, we simulated a knowledge-sharing platform, asking experts to articulate one of their own strategies and then asked the second set of developers to try to use the strategies and provide feedback on the strategies to authors. During the study, we asked both strategy authors and users to reflect on the challenges they faced. In analyzing the strategies authors created, the use of the strategies, the feedback that users provided to authors, and the difficulties that authors faced addressing this feedback, we found that developers can share strategic knowledge, but authoring strategies require substantial feedback from diverse audiences to be helpful to programmers with varying prior knowledge. Our results also raise challenging questions about how future work should support searching and browsing for strategies that support varying prior knowledge.

Thomas D. LaToza, Maryam Arab, Dastyni Loksa et al.

Software developers solve a diverse and wide range of problems. While software engineering research often focuses on tools to support this problem solving, the strategies that developers use to solve problems are at least as important. In this paper, we offer a novel approach for enabling developers to follow explicit programming strategies that describe how an expert tackles a common programming problem. We define explicit programming strategies, grounding our definition in prior work both within software engineering and in other professions which have adopted more explicit procedures for problem solving. We then present a novel notation called Roboto and a novel StrategyTracker tool that explicitly represents programming strategies and frame executing strategies as a collaborative effort between human abilities to make decisions and computer abilities to structure process and persist information. Ina formative evaluation, 28 software developers of varying expertise completed a design task and a debugging task. We found that, compared to developers who are free to choose their strategies, developers gave explicit strategies experienced their work as more organized, systematic, and predictable, but also more constrained. Developers using explicit strategies were objectively more successful at the design and debugging tasks. We discuss the implications of Roboto and these findings, envisioning a thriving ecosystem of explicit strategies that accelerate and improve developers programming problem solving.