Abdul Wahab Muzaffar

Saeed Anwar, Muhammad Tahir, Chongyi Li et al.

Image colorization estimates RGB colors for grayscale images or video frames to improve their aesthetic and perceptual quality. Over the last decade, deep learning techniques for image colorization have significantly progressed, necessitating a systematic survey and benchmarking of these techniques. This article presents a comprehensive survey of recent state-of-the-art deep learning-based image colorization techniques, describing their fundamental block architectures, inputs, optimizers, loss functions, training protocols, training data, etc. It categorizes the existing colorization techniques into seven classes and discusses important factors governing their performance, such as benchmark datasets and evaluation metrics. We highlight the limitations of existing datasets and introduce a new dataset specific to colorization. We perform an extensive experimental evaluation of existing image colorization methods using both existing datasets and our proposed one. Finally, we discuss the limitations of existing methods and recommend possible solutions and future research directions for this rapidly evolving topic of deep image colorization. The dataset and codes for evaluation are publicly available at https://github.com/saeed-anwar/ColorSurvey.

Muhammad Tahir, Saeed Anwar, Ajmal Mian et al.

Accurate localization of proteins from fluorescence microscopy images is challenging due to the inter-class similarities and intra-class disparities introducing grave concerns in addressing multi-class classification problems. Conventional machine learning-based image prediction pipelines rely heavily on pre-processing such as normalization and segmentation followed by hand-crafted feature extraction to identify useful, informative, and application-specific features. Here, we demonstrate that deep learning-based pipelines can effectively classify protein images from different datasets. We propose an end-to-end Protein Localization Convolutional Neural Network (PLCNN) that classifies protein images more accurately and reliably. PLCNN processes raw imagery without involving any pre-processing steps and produces outputs without any customization or parameter adjustment for a particular dataset. Experimental analysis is performed on five benchmark datasets. PLCNN consistently outperformed the existing state-of-the-art approaches from traditional machine learning and deep architectures. This study highlights the importance of deep learning for the analysis of fluorescence microscopy protein imagery. The proposed deep pipeline can better guide drug designing procedures in the pharmaceutical industry and open new avenues for researchers in computational biology and bioinformatics.