Adam S. Williams

Adam S. Williams, Francisco R. Ortega

One of the open questions in the field of interaction design is "what inputs or interaction techniques should be used with augmented reality devices?" The transition from a touchpad and a keyboard to a multi-touch device was relatively small. The transition from a multi-touch device to an HMD with no controllers or clear surface to interact with is more complicated. This book is a guide for how to figure out what interaction techniques and modalities people prefer when interacting with those devices. The name of the technique covered here is Elicitation. Elicitation is a form of participatory design, meaning design with direct end-user involvement. By running an elicitation study researchers can observe unconstrained human interactions with emerging technologies to help guide input design.

Adam S. Williams, Francisco R. Ortega

This research establishes a better understanding of the syntax choices in speech interactions and of how speech, gesture, and multimodal gesture and speech interactions are produced by users in unconstrained object manipulation environments using augmented reality. The work presents a multimodal elicitation study conducted with 24 participants. The canonical referents for translation, rotation, and scale were used along with some abstract referents (create, destroy, and select). In this study time windows for gesture and speech multimodal interactions are developed using the start and stop times of gestures and speech as well as the stoke times for gestures. While gestures commonly precede speech by 81 ms we find that the stroke of the gesture is commonly within 10 ms of the start of speech. Indicating that the information content of a gesture and its co-occurring speech are well aligned to each other. Lastly, the trends across the most common proposals for each modality are examined. Showing that the disagreement between proposals is often caused by a variation of hand posture or syntax. Allowing us to present aliasing recommendations to increase the percentage of users' natural interactions captured by future multimodal interactive systems.

Adam S. Williams, Sarah Coler, Francisco Ortega

Multimodal input systems can help bridge the wide range of physical abilities found in older generations. After conducting a survey/interview session with a group of older adults at an assisted living community we believe that gesture and speech should be the main inputs for that system. Additionally, collaborative design of new systems was found to be useful for facilitating conversations around input design with this demographic.

Catherine Angelini, Adam S. Williams, Mathew Kress et al.

We present an early study designed to analyze how city planning and the health of senior citizens can benefit from the use of augmented reality (AR) using Microsoft's HoloLens. We also explore whether AR and VR can be used to help city planners receive real-time feedback from citizens, such as the elderly, on virtual plans, allowing for informed decisions to be made before any construction begins.