Muhammad Hussain

Norah Asiri, Muhammad Hussain, Fadwa Al Adel

Red-lesions, microaneurysms (MAs) and hemorrhages (HMs), are the early signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The automatic detection of MAs and HMs on retinal fundus images is a challenging task. Most of the existing methods detect either only MAs or only HMs because of the difference in their texture, sizes, and morphology. Though some methods detect both MAs and HMs, they suffer from the curse of dimensionality of shape and colors features and fail to detect all shape variations of HMs such as flame-shaped. Leveraging the progress in deep learning, we proposed a two-stream red lesions detection system dealing simultaneously with small and large red lesions. For this system, we introduced a new ROIs candidates generation method for large red lesions on fundus images; it is based on blood vessel segmentation and morphological operations, and reduces the computational complexity, and enhances the detection accuracy by generating a small number of potential candidates. For detection, we proposed a framework with two streams. We used pretrained VGGNet as a backbone model and carried out several extensive experiments to tune it for vessels segmentation and candidates generation, and finally learning the appropriate mapping, which yields better detection of the red lesions comparing with the state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results validated the effectiveness of the system in the detection of both MAs and HMs; it yields higher performance for per lesion detection; its sensitivity equals 0.8589 and good FROC score under 8 FPIs on DiaretDB1-MA reports FROC=0.7518, and with SN=0.7552 and good FROC score under 2,4and 8 FPIs on DiaretDB1-HM, and SN=0.8157 on e-ophtha with overall FROC=0.4537 and on ROCh dataset with FROC=0.3461 which is higher than the state-of-the art methods. For DR screening, the system performs well with good AUC on DiaretDB1-MA, DiaretDB1-HM, and e-ophtha datasets.

Emad-ul-Haq Qazi, Muhammad Hussain, Hatim AboAlsamh et al.

Emotions play a crucial role in human interaction, health care and security investigations and monitoring. Automatic emotion recognition (AER) using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is an effective method for decoding the real emotions, which are independent of body gestures, but it is a challenging problem. Several automatic emotion recognition systems have been proposed, which are based on traditional hand-engineered approaches and their performances are very poor. Motivated by the outstanding performance of deep learning (DL) in many recognition tasks, we introduce an AER system (Deep-AER) based on EEG brain signals using DL. A DL model involves a large number of learnable parameters, and its training needs a large dataset of EEG signals, which is difficult to acquire for AER problem. To overcome this problem, we proposed a lightweight pyramidal one-dimensional convolutional neural network (LP-1D-CNN) model, which involves a small number of learnable parameters. Using LP-1D-CNN, we build a two level ensemble model. In the first level of the ensemble, each channel is scanned incrementally by LP-1D-CNN to generate predictions, which are fused using majority vote. The second level of the ensemble combines the predictions of all channels of an EEG signal using majority vote for detecting the emotion state. We validated the effectiveness and robustness of Deep-AER using DEAP, a benchmark dataset for emotion recognition research. The results indicate that FRONT plays dominant role in AER and over this region, Deep-AER achieved the accuracies of 98.43% and 97.65% for two AER problems, i.e., high valence vs low valence (HV vs LV) and high arousal vs low arousal (HA vs LA), respectively. The comparison reveals that Deep-AER outperforms the state-of-the-art systems with large margin. The Deep-AER system will be helpful in monitoring for health care and security investigations.

Saeed Bamatraf, Muhammad Hussain, Emad-ul-Haq Qazi et al.

In this paper, we have proposed a brain signal classification method, which uses eigenvalues of the covariance matrix as features to classify images (topomaps) created from the brain signals. The signals are recorded during the answering of 2D and 3D questions. The system is used to classify the correct and incorrect answers for both 2D and 3D questions. Using the classification technique, the impacts of 2D and 3D multimedia educational contents on learning, memory retention and recall will be compared. The subjects learn similar 2D and 3D educational contents. Afterwards, subjects are asked 20 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) associated with the contents after thirty minutes (Short-Term Memory) and two months (Long-Term Memory). Eigenvalues features extracted from topomaps images are given to K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers, in order to identify the states of the brain related to incorrect and correct answers. Excellent accuracies obtained by both classifiers and by applying statistical analysis on the results, no significant difference is indicated between 2D and 3D multimedia educational contents on learning, memory retention and recall in both STM and LTM.