Ye Guo

Zichao Meng, Ye Guo, Hongbin Sun

This paper studies an adaptive approach for probabilistic wind power forecasting (WPF) including offline and online learning procedures. In the offline learning stage, a base forecast model is trained via inner and outer loop updates of meta-learning, which endows the base forecast model with excellent adaptability to different forecast tasks, i.e., probabilistic WPF with different lead times or locations. In the online learning stage, the base forecast model is applied to online forecasting combined with incremental learning techniques. On this basis, the online forecast takes full advantage of recent information and the adaptability of the base forecast model. Two applications are developed based on our proposed approach concerning forecasting with different lead times (temporal adaptation) and forecasting for newly established wind farms (spatial adaptation), respectively. Numerical tests were conducted on real-world wind power data sets. Simulation results validate the advantages in adaptivity of the proposed methods compared with existing alternatives.

Linjuan Wu, Ruiqi Zhang, Xinze Lyu et al.

Social media platforms enable large-scale cross-lingual communication, but translating user-generated content (UGC) remains challenging due to its informal style, cultural references, and interaction-based expressions. While recent LLMs have improved translation quality, existing benchmarks and metrics often fail to capture whether translations convey intended meaning and cultural resonance in real-world settings. In this work, we introduce CULTURE-MT, a benchmark for social media translation that focuses on both CULtural Transmission and UGC-specific emotion REsonance. CULTURE-MT consists of 1,002 UGC notes across 14 domains, categorized into four types based on culture-loaded symbols and linguistic style features. We also construct UGC-oriented training data to fine-tune Qwen3-8B and Qwen3-32B as baselines. We propose cultural effectiveness as a new evaluation criterion, focusing on expression accuracy and cultural adaptability. Testing 15 models, including the baselines, we find that traditional metrics fail to capture cultural effectiveness. We also observe that cultural effectiveness on base LLMs correlates with model size. Our work provides a comprehensive evaluation system for UGC translation models and will offer an open evaluation platform to advance research in this area. We release the CULTURE-MT benchmark and provide an online leaderboard where submitted translation results can be evaluated by our trained JUDGER.

Qiong Liu, Ye Guo, Tong Xu

Inverter-based volt-var control is studied in this paper. One key issue in DRL-based approaches is the limited measurement deployment in active distribution networks, which leads to problems of a partially observable state and unknown reward. To address those problems, this paper proposes a robust DRL approach with a conservative critic and a surrogate reward. The conservative critic utilizes the quantile regression technology to estimate conservative state-action value function based on the partially observable state, which helps to train a robust policy; the surrogate rewards of power loss and voltage violation are designed that can be calculated from the limited measurements. The proposed approach optimizes the power loss of the whole network and the voltage profile of buses with measurable voltages while indirectly improving the voltage profile of other buses. Extensive simulations verify the effectiveness of the robust DRL approach in different limited measurement conditions, even when only the active power injection of the root bus and less than 10% of bus voltages are measurable.

Qiong Liu, Ye Guo, Lirong Deng et al.

Reference-model-assisted deep reinforcement learning (DRL) for inverter-based Volt-Var Control (IB-VVC) in active distribution networks is proposed. We investigate that a large action space increases the learning difficulties of DRL and degrades the optimization performance in the process of generating data and training neural networks. To reduce the action space of DRL, we design a reference-model-assisted DRL approach. We introduce definitions of the reference model, reference-model-based optimization, and reference actions. The reference-model-assisted DRL learns the residual actions between the reference actions and optimal actions, rather than learning the optimal actions directly. Since the residual actions are considerably smaller than the optimal actions for a reference model, we can design a smaller action space for the reference-model-assisted DRL. It reduces the learning difficulties of DRL and optimises the performance of the reference-model-assisted DRL approach. It is noteworthy that the reference-model-assisted DRL approach is compatible with any policy gradient DRL algorithms for continuous action problems. This work takes the soft actor-critic algorithm as an example and designs a reference-model-assisted soft actor-critic algorithm. Simulations show that 1) large action space degrades the performance of DRL in the whole training stage, and 2) reference-model-assisted DRL requires fewer iteration times and returns a better optimization performance.

Cheng Yang, Rui Xu, Ye Guo et al.

Visual commonsense reasoning (VCR) is a challenging multi-modal task, which requires high-level cognition and commonsense reasoning ability about the real world. In recent years, large-scale pre-training approaches have been developed and promoted the state-of-the-art performance of VCR. However, the existing approaches almost employ the BERT-like objectives to learn multi-modal representations. These objectives motivated from the text-domain are insufficient for the excavation on the complex scenario of visual modality. Most importantly, the spatial distribution of the visual objects is basically neglected. To address the above issue, we propose to construct the spatial relation graph based on the given visual scenario. Further, we design two pre-training tasks named object position regression (OPR) and spatial relation classification (SRC) to learn to reconstruct the spatial relation graph respectively. Quantitative analysis suggests that the proposed method can guide the representations to maintain more spatial context and facilitate the attention on the essential visual regions for reasoning. We achieve the state-of-the-art results on VCR and two other vision-and-language reasoning tasks VQA, and NLVR.

Jiacheng Ruan, Wenzhen Yuan, Xian Gao et al.

Although large visual-language models (LVLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in multimodal tasks, errors may occasionally arise due to biases during the reasoning process. Recently, reward models (RMs) have become increasingly pivotal in the reasoning process. Specifically, process RMs evaluate each reasoning step, outcome RMs focus on the assessment of reasoning results, and critique RMs perform error analysis on the entire reasoning process, followed by corrections. However, existing benchmarks for vision-language RMs (VLRMs) typically assess only a single aspect of their capabilities (e.g., distinguishing between two answers), thus limiting the all-round evaluation and restricting the development of RMs in the visual-language domain. To address this gap, we propose a comprehensive and challenging benchmark, dubbed as VLRMBench, encompassing 12,634 questions. VLRMBench is constructed based on three distinct types of datasets, covering mathematical reasoning, hallucination understanding, and multi-image understanding. We design 12 tasks across three major categories, focusing on evaluating VLRMs in the aspects of process understanding, outcome judgment, and critique generation. Extensive experiments are conducted on 21 open-source models and 5 advanced closed-source models, highlighting the challenges posed by VLRMBench. For instance, in the `Forecasting Future', a binary classification task, the advanced GPT-4o achieves only a 76.0% accuracy. Additionally, we perform comprehensive analytical studies, offering valuable insights for the future development of VLRMs. We anticipate that VLRMBench will serve as a pivotal benchmark in advancing VLRMs. Code and datasets will be available at https://github.com/JCruan519/VLRMBench.

Hanbing Liu, Jingge Wang, Xuan Zhang et al.

Addressing the large distribution gap between training and testing data has long been a challenge in machine learning, giving rise to fields such as transfer learning and domain adaptation. Recently, Continuous Domain Adaptation (CDA) has emerged as an effective technique, closing this gap by utilizing a series of intermediate domains. This paper contributes a novel CDA method, W-MPOT, which rigorously addresses the domain ordering and error accumulation problems overlooked by previous studies. Specifically, we construct a transfer curriculum over the source and intermediate domains based on Wasserstein distance, motivated by theoretical analysis of CDA. Then we transfer the source model to the target domain through multiple valid paths in the curriculum using a modified version of continuous optimal transport. A bidirectional path consistency constraint is introduced to mitigate the impact of accumulated mapping errors during continuous transfer. We extensively evaluate W-MPOT on multiple datasets, achieving up to 54.1\% accuracy improvement on multi-session Alzheimer MR image classification and 94.7\% MSE reduction on battery capacity estimation.

Yibo Zhao, Jiapeng Zhu, Ye Guo et al.

Graph-based RAG methods like GraphRAG have shown promising global understanding of the knowledge base by constructing hierarchical entity graphs. However, they often suffer from inefficiency and rely on manually pre-defined query modes, limiting practical use. In this paper, we propose E^2GraphRAG, a streamlined graph-based RAG framework that improves both Efficiency and Effectiveness. During the indexing stage, E^2GraphRAG constructs a summary tree with large language models and an entity graph with SpaCy based on document chunks. We then construct bidirectional indexes between entities and chunks to capture their many-to-many relationships, enabling fast lookup during both local and global retrieval. For the retrieval stage, we design an adaptive retrieval strategy that leverages the graph structure to retrieve and select between local and global modes. Experiments show that E^2GraphRAG achieves up to 10 times faster indexing than GraphRAG and 100 times speedup over LightRAG in retrieval while maintaining competitive QA performance.

Minghui Chen, Zichao Meng, Yanping Liu et al.

In this paper, we introduce a nonparametric end-to-end method for probabilistic forecasting of distributed renewable generation outputs while including missing data imputation. Firstly, we employ a nonparametric probabilistic forecast model utilizing the long short-term memory (LSTM) network to model the probability distributions of distributed renewable generations' outputs. Secondly, we design an end-to-end training process that includes missing data imputation through iterative imputation and iterative loss-based training procedures. This two-step modeling approach effectively combines the strengths of the nonparametric method with the end-to-end approach. Consequently, our approach demonstrates exceptional capabilities in probabilistic forecasting for the outputs of distributed renewable generations while effectively handling missing values. Simulation results confirm the superior performance of our approach compared to existing alternatives.

Qiong Liu, Ye Guo, Lirong Deng et al.

A one-step two-critic deep reinforcement learning (OSTC-DRL) approach for inverter-based volt-var control (IB-VVC) in active distribution networks is proposed in this paper. Firstly, considering IB-VVC can be formulated as a single-period optimization problem, we formulate the IB-VVC as a one-step Markov decision process rather than the standard Markov decision process, which simplifies the DRL learning task. Then we design the one-step actor-critic DRL scheme which is a simplified version of recent DRL algorithms, and it avoids the issue of Q value overestimation successfully. Furthermore, considering two objectives of VVC: minimizing power loss and eliminating voltage violation, we utilize two critics to approximate the rewards of two objectives separately. It simplifies the approximation tasks of each critic, and avoids the interaction effect between two objectives in the learning process of critic. The OSTC-DRL approach integrates the one-step actor-critic DRL scheme and the two-critic technology. Based on the OSTC-DRL, we design two centralized DRL algorithms. Further, we extend the OSTC-DRL to multi-agent OSTC-DRL for decentralized IB-VVC and design two multi-agent DRL algorithms. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed OSTC-DRL has a faster convergence rate and a better control performance, and the multi-agent OSTC-DRL works well for decentralized IB-VVC problems.

Zhenyu Wang, Yali Li, Ye Guo et al.

Semi-supervised learning aims to leverage a large amount of unlabeled data for performance boosting. Existing works primarily focus on image classification. In this paper, we delve into semi-supervised learning for object detection, where labeled data are more labor-intensive to collect. Current methods are easily distracted by noisy regions generated by pseudo labels. To combat the noisy labeling, we propose noise-resistant semi-supervised learning by quantifying the region uncertainty. We first investigate the adverse effects brought by different forms of noise associated with pseudo labels. Then we propose to quantify the uncertainty of regions by identifying the noise-resistant properties of regions over different strengths. By importing the region uncertainty quantification and promoting multipeak probability distribution output, we introduce uncertainty into training and further achieve noise-resistant learning. Experiments on both PASCAL VOC and MS COCO demonstrate the extraordinary performance of our method.

Zichao Meng, Ye Guo, Wenjun Tang et al.

A multivariate density forecast model based on deep learning is designed in this paper to forecast the joint cumulative distribution functions (JCDFs) of multiple security margins in power systems. Differing from existing multivariate density forecast models, the proposed method requires no a priori hypotheses on the distribution of forecasting targets. In addition, based on the universal approximation capability of neural networks, the value domain of the proposed approach has been proven to include all continuous JCDFs. The forecasted JCDF is further employed to calculate the deterministic security assessment index evaluating the security level of future power system operations. Numerical tests verify the superiority of the proposed method over current multivariate density forecast models. The deterministic security assessment index is demonstrated to be more informative for operators than security margins as well.

Zhenyu Wang, Yali Li, Ye Guo et al.

In this paper, we delve into semi-supervised object detection where unlabeled images are leveraged to break through the upper bound of fully-supervised object detection models. Previous semi-supervised methods based on pseudo labels are severely degenerated by noise and prone to overfit to noisy labels, thus are deficient in learning different unlabeled knowledge well. To address this issue, we propose a data-uncertainty guided multi-phase learning method for semi-supervised object detection. We comprehensively consider divergent types of unlabeled images according to their difficulty levels, utilize them in different phases and ensemble models from different phases together to generate ultimate results. Image uncertainty guided easy data selection and region uncertainty guided RoI Re-weighting are involved in multi-phase learning and enable the detector to concentrate on more certain knowledge. Through extensive experiments on PASCAL VOC and MS COCO, we demonstrate that our method behaves extraordinarily compared to baseline approaches and outperforms them by a large margin, more than 3% on VOC and 2% on COCO.

Chuanbo Wang, Ye Guo, Wei Chen et al.

Intervertebral discs (IVDs), as small joints lying between adjacent vertebrae, have played an important role in pressure buffering and tissue protection. The fully-automatic localization and segmentation of IVDs have been discussed in the literature for many years since they are crucial to spine disease diagnosis and provide quantitative parameters in the treatment. Traditionally hand-crafted features are derived based on image intensities and shape priors to localize and segment IVDs. With the advance of deep learning, various neural network models have gained great success in image analysis including the recognition of intervertebral discs. Particularly, U-Net stands out among other approaches due to its outstanding performance on biomedical images with a relatively small set of training data. This paper proposes a novel convolutional framework based on 3D U-Net to segment IVDs from multi-modality MRI images. We first localize the centers of intervertebral discs in each spine sample and then train the network based on the cropped small volumes centered at the localized intervertebral discs. A detailed comprehensive analysis of the results using various combinations of multi-modalities is presented. Furthermore, experiments conducted on 2D and 3D U-Nets with augmented and non-augmented datasets are demonstrated and compared in terms of Dice coefficient and Hausdorff distance. Our method has proved to be effective with a mean segmentation Dice coefficient of 89.0% and a standard deviation of 1.4%.

Ye Guo, Yali Li, Shengjin Wang

Generic object detection is one of the most fundamental problems in computer vision, yet it is difficult to provide all the bounding-box-level annotations aiming at large-scale object detection for thousands of categories. In this paper, we present a novel cross-supervised learning pipeline for large-scale object detection, denoted as CS-R-FCN. First, we propose to utilize the data flow of image-level annotated images in the fully-supervised two-stage object detection framework, leading to cross-supervised learning combining bounding-box-level annotated data and image-level annotated data. Second, we introduce a semantic aggregation strategy utilizing the relationships among the cross-supervised categories to reduce the unreasonable mutual inhibition effects during the feature learning. Experimental results show that the proposed CS-R-FCN improves the mAP by a large margin compared to previous related works.