Ruichun Ma

Qinpei Luo, Ruichun Ma, Xinyu Zhang et al.

Printed circuit board (PCB) schematic design defines nearly all electronic hardware, but it remains manual and expertise-intensive. While generative AI has advanced digital and analog IC design, PCB schematic generation from natural-language intent is largely unexplored. This paper presents SchGen, the first large language model that generates editable PCB schematics from natural-language requests. The key challenge lies in the lack of an LLM-suited representation and a large-scale dataset. Current schematic formats are dominated by verbose, tool-specific syntax and geometry-heavy descriptions, making them difficult to generate reliably. We introduce a semantically grounded code representation that encodes schematic editing primitives with relative placement and pin-name-based wiring, transforming a geometry-driven generation problem into a semantics-driven matching task amenable to LLMs. We further construct a large-scale dataset of PCB schematics paired with user prompts via a human-agent collaborative pipeline that converts open-source hardware designs into our representation. Experiments show that SchGen significantly outperforms alternative representations and even larger general-purpose LLMs on wire connectivity accuracy and functional correctness. Our results highlight the critical role of representation design in enabling generative models for complex hardware design tasks.

Jialiang Zhu, Gongrui Zhang, Xiaolong Ma et al.

LLM-based deep research agents are largely built on the ReAct framework. This linear design makes it difficult to revisit earlier states, branch into alternative search directions, or maintain global awareness under long contexts, often leading to local optima, redundant exploration, and inefficient search. We propose Re-TRAC, an agentic framework that performs cross-trajectory exploration by generating a structured state representation after each trajectory to summarize evidence, uncertainties, failures, and future plans, and conditioning subsequent trajectories on this state representation. This enables iterative reflection and globally informed planning, reframing research as a progressive process. Empirical results show that Re-TRAC consistently outperforms ReAct by 15-20% on BrowseComp with frontier LLMs. For smaller models, we introduce Re-TRAC-aware supervised fine-tuning, achieving state-of-the-art performance at comparable scales. Notably, Re-TRAC shows a monotonic reduction in tool calls and token usage across rounds, indicating progressively targeted exploration driven by cross-trajectory reflection rather than redundant search.

Heyu Guo, Shanmu Wang, Ruichun Ma et al.

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have shown strong generalization for robotic action prediction through large-scale vision-language pretraining. However, most existing models rely solely on RGB cameras, limiting their perception and, consequently, manipulation capabilities. We present OmniVLA, an omni-modality VLA model that integrates novel sensing modalities for physically-grounded spatial intelligence beyond RGB perception. The core of our approach is the sensor-masked image, a unified representation that overlays spatially grounded and physically meaningful masks onto the RGB images, derived from sensors including an infrared camera, a mmWave radar, and a microphone array. This image-native unification keeps sensor input close to RGB statistics to facilitate training, provides a uniform interface across sensor hardware, and enables data-efficient learning with lightweight per-sensor projectors. Built on this, we present a multisensory vision-language-action model architecture and train the model based on an RGB-pretrained VLA backbone. We evaluate OmniVLA on challenging real-world tasks where sensor-modality perception guides the robotic manipulation. OmniVLA achieves an average task success rate of 84%, significantly outperforms both RGB-only and raw-sensor-input baseline models by 59% and 28% respectively, meanwhile showing higher learning efficiency and stronger generalization capability.