Vladimir Temlyakov

Eugene Livshitz, Vladimir Temlyakov

We study sparse approximation by greedy algorithms. Our contribution is two-fold. First, we prove exact recovery with high probability of random $K$-sparse signals within $\lceil K(1+\e)\rceil$ iterations of the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). This result shows that in a probabilistic sense the OMP is almost optimal for exact recovery. Second, we prove the Lebesgue-type inequalities for the Weak Chebyshev Greedy Algorithm, a generalization of the Weak Orthogonal Matching Pursuit to the case of a Banach space. The main novelty of these results is a Banach space setting instead of a Hilbert space setting. However, even in the case of a Hilbert space our results add some new elements to known results on the Lebesque-type inequalities for the RIP dictionaries. Our technique is a development of the recent technique created by Zhang.

Anton Dereventsov, Vladimir Temlyakov

In this paper we propose a unified way of analyzing a certain kind of greedy-type algorithms in Banach spaces. We define a class of the Weak Biorthogonal Greedy Algorithms that contains a wide range of greedy algorithms. In particular, we show that the following well-known algorithms --- the Weak Chebyshev Greedy Algorithm and the Weak Greedy Algorithm with Free Relaxation --- belong to this class. We investigate the properties of convergence, rate of convergence, and numerical stability of the Weak Biorthogonal Greedy Algorithms. Numerical stability is understood in the sense that the steps of the algorithm are allowed to be performed with controlled computational inaccuracies. We carry out a thorough analysis of the connection between the magnitude of those inaccuracies and the convergence properties of the algorithm. To emphasize the advantage of the proposed approach, we introduce here a new greedy algorithm --- the Rescaled Weak Relaxed Greedy Algorithm --- from the above class, and derive the convergence results without analyzing the algorithm explicitly. Additionally, we explain how the proposed approach can be extended to some other types of greedy algorithms.

You Gao, Tao Qian, Vladimir Temlyakov et al.

As a new type of series expansion, the so-called one-dimensional adaptive Fourier decomposition (AFD) and its variations (1D-AFDs) have effective applications in signal analysis and system identification. The 1D-AFDs have considerable influence to the rational approximation of one complex variable and phase retrieving problems, etc. In a recent paper, Qian developed 2D-AFDs for treating square images as the essential boundary of the 2-torus embedded into the space of two complex variables. This paper studies the numerical aspects of multi-dimensional AFDs, and in particular 2D-AFDs, which mainly include (i) Numerical algorithms of several types of 2D-AFDs in relation to image representation; (ii) Perform experiments for the algorithms with comparisons between 5 types of image reconstruction methods in the Fourier category; and (iii) New and sharper estimations for convergence rates of orthogonal greedy algorithm and pre-orthogonal greedy algorithm. The comparison shows that the 2D-AFD methods achieve optimal results among the others.

Vladimir Temlyakov

The main goal of this paper is to provide a brief survey of recent results which connect together results from different areas of research. It is well known that numerical integration of functions with mixed smoothness is closely related to the discrepancy theory. We discuss this connection in detail and provide a general view of this connection. It was established recently that the new concept of {\it fixed volume discrepancy} is very useful in proving the upper bounds for the dispersion. Also, it was understood recently that point sets with small dispersion are very good for the universal discretization of the uniform norm of trigonometric polynomials.

Vladimir Temlyakov

The new ingredient of this paper is that we consider infinitely dimensional classes of functions and instead of the relative error setting, which was used in previous papers on norm discretization, we consider the absolute error setting. We demonstrate how known results from two areas of research -- supervised learning theory and numerical integration -- can be used in sampling discretization of the square norm on different function classes.

Vladimir Temlyakov

It is a survey on recent results in constructive sparse approximation. Three directions are discussed here: (1) Lebesgue-type inequalities for greedy algorithms with respect to a special class of dictionaries, (2) constructive sparse approximation with respect to the trigonometric system, (3) sparse approximation with respect to dictionaries with tensor product structure. In all three cases constructive ways are provided for sparse approximation. The technique used is based on fundamental results from the theory of greedy approximation. In particular, results in the direction (1) are based on deep methods developed recently in compressed sensing. We present some of these results with detailed proofs.

Vladimir Temlyakov

The problem of convex optimization is studied. Usually in convex optimization the minimization is over a d-dimensional domain. Very often the convergence rate of an optimization algorithm depends on the dimension d. The algorithms studied in this paper utilize dictionaries instead of a canonical basis used in the coordinate descent algorithms. We show how this approach allows us to reduce dimensionality of the problem. Also, we investigate which properties of a dictionary are beneficial for the convergence rate of typical greedy-type algorithms.

Vladimir Temlyakov

The paper gives a systematic study of the approximate versions of three greedy-type algorithms that are widely used in convex optimization. By approximate version we mean the one where some of evaluations are made with an error. Importance of such versions of greedy-type algorithms in convex optimization and in approximation theory was emphasized in previous literature.

Vladimir Temlyakov

Our main interest in this paper is to study some approximation problems for classes of functions with mixed smoothness. We use technique, based on a combination of results from hyperbolic cross approximation, which were obtained in 1980s -- 1990s, and recent results on greedy approximation to obtain sharp estimates for best $m$-term approximation with respect to the trigonometric system. We give some observations on numerical integration and approximate recovery of functions with mixed smoothness. We prove lower bounds, which show that one cannot improve accuracy of sparse grids methods with $\asymp 2^nn^{d-1}$ points in the grid by adding $2^n$ arbitrary points. In case of numerical integration these lower bounds provide best known lower bounds for optimal cubature formulas and for sparse grids based cubature formulas.

Vladimir Temlyakov

Chebyshev Greedy Algorithm is a generalization of the well known Orthogonal Matching Pursuit defined in a Hilbert space to the case of Banach spaces. We apply this algorithm for constructing sparse approximate solutions (with respect to a given dictionary) to convex optimization problems. Rate of convergence results in a style of the Lebesgue-type inequalities are proved.

Vladimir Temlyakov

We study sparse approximation by greedy algorithms. We prove the Lebesgue-type inequalities for the Weak Chebyshev Greedy Algorithm (WCGA), a generalization of the Weak Orthogonal Matching Pursuit to the case of a Banach space. The main novelty of these results is a Banach space setting instead of a Hilbert space setting. The results are proved for redundant dictionaries satisfying certain conditions. Then we apply these general results to the case of bases. In particular, we prove that the WCGA provides almost optimal sparse approximation for the trigonometric system in $L_p$, $2\le p<\infty$.

Vladimir Temlyakov

We discuss construction of coverings of the unit ball of a finite dimensional Banach space. The well known technique of comparing volumes gives upper and lower bounds on covering numbers. This technique does not provide a construction of good coverings. Here we apply incoherent dictionaries for construction of good coverings. We use the following strategy. First, we build a good covering by balls with a radius close to one. Second, we iterate this construction to obtain a good covering for any radius. We mostly concentrate on the first step of this strategy.