Svetlana Kremer

Stefan Kitzler, Kasra Zarinehbaf Asadi, Svetlana Kremer et al.

Yield aggregators are financial services in Decentralised Finance (DeFi) providing automated investment management and return optimisation for users. In this study, we investigate the operational mechanisms and monetary flows of two major yield aggregators, Yearn Finance and Cian, over the period from May 4, 2024 to May 3, 2025. Our supporting conceptual framework decomposes yield aggregator operations into user investment and strategy management cycles. Using a network approach for 2,459 Yearn and 921 Cian transactions, we trace protocol interactions and capital flows across the ecosystem. Users invested 15.7M USD into Yearn's USDC vault, which generated yield through liquidity provision and dynamic allocation across DeFi protocols. Cian, deployed later, attracted 54.0M USD into its staked-ETH (stETH) vault and implemented sophisticated leverage through flashloan-enabled recursive staking. Yearn's USDC vault achieves an annual yield of 5.41%, while Cian's stETH vault produces 4.22% with higher risk exposure. We use the operational insights from our analysis to extend the existing DeFi Stack Reference Model (DSR) with new financial primitives to highlight structural risk dependencies. Overall, our findings show that strategic complexity in yield aggregation does not necessarily translate into higher returns but materially expands risk exposure.

Alexander Kropiunig, Svetlana Kremer, Bernhard Haslhofer

Crypto Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) shape Web3 narratives and retail investment behaviour. In volatile, high-risk markets, their credibility becomes a key determinant of their influence on followers. Yet prior research has focused on lifestyle influencers or generic financial commentary, leaving crypto KOLs' understandings of motivation, credibility, and responsibility underexplored. Drawing on interviews with 13 KOLs and self-determination theory (SDT), we examine how psychological needs are negotiated alongside monetisation and community expectations. Whereas prior work treats finfluencer credibility as a set of static credentials, our findings reveal it to be a self-determined, ethically enacted practice. We identify four community-recognised markers of credibility: self-regulation, bounded epistemic competence, accountability, and reflexive self-correction. This reframes credibility as socio-technical performance, extending SDT into high-risk crypto ecosystems. Methodologically, we employ a hybrid human-LLM thematic analysis. The study surfaces implications for designing credibility signals that prioritise transparency over hype.