Qinchen Song, Xinliang Liu, Lei Zhang
Conventional numerical solvers for the radiative transfer equation (RTE) exhibit severe sensitivity to medium parameters. To address this, we propose an operator learning framework that approximates the RTE solution map as a function of material properties. The core architecture, MgNet, preserves the solution operator framework established by recursive skeleton factorization (RSF) but substitutes its coefficient-specific sub-operators (e.g. smoother, prolongation operator and restriction operator) with learnable neural components. This design transcends the the fixed parametric structure of classical schemes, enabling data-driven sub-operator optimization and learning of their medium-parameter dependence. To mitigate spectral bias in operator learning, we introduce an adaptive angular compression technique within the loss function that dynamically suppresses high-frequency modes responsible for training instability. Comprehensive benchmarks demonstrate that, when deployed as a learned preconditioner, MgNet achieves at least 10 times acceleration over conventional preconditioners in the diffusive regime and maintains robust generalization to unseen parameter configurations. By unifying multilevel factorization structure with deep operator learning, this work establishes a physics-constrained operator-learning paradigm for radiative transport simulations.