Sundararaj Sitharama Iyengar

Subhash Gurappa, Yashas Hariprasad, Sundararaj Sitharama Iyengar et al.

Botnets are among the most persistent cyber threats, enabling large-scale attacks such as spam, credential theft, and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS). While deep learning approaches have recently been applied to botnet detection, they are computationally intensive and often lack interpretability. We present a comparative study of lightweight machine learning models including Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest on the CTU-13 dataset, a benchmark for botnet traffic analysis. We extract interpretable flow-based features and evaluate each model on detection accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and feature importance. Results demonstrate that lightweight models can achieve competitive detection performance with minimal computational cost, while also offering interpretability critical for forensic investigation. On CTU-13, our Random Forest achieves a PR-AUC of approximately 0.54 and ROC-AUC of 0.97 while training over 90% faster than published CNN baselines. These results demonstrate that lightweight models can match or exceed deep-learning performance under natural class imbalance while maintaining interpretability and low computational cost.

Subhash Gurappa, Trivikram Satharasi, Yashas Hariprasad et al.

Medical image super-resolution (MedSR) is essential for improving diagnostic precision across diverse imaging modalities such as MRI, CT, X-ray, Ultrasound, and Fundus imaging. Despite rapid advances in deep learning, challenges remain in preserving anatomical accuracy, maintaining perceptual quality, and generalizing across medical domains. This paper presents MedSR-Vision, a novel unified deep learning framework for evaluating and comparing super-resolution models across five modalities: Brain MRI, Chest X-ray, Renal Ultrasound, Nephrolithiasis CT, and Spine MRI, at magnification scales of $\times2$, $\times3$, and $\times4$. Three representative models namely SRCNN, SwinIR, and Real-ESRGAN are benchmarked using multiple quantitative metrics encompassing fidelity, perceptual realism, and sharpness. Experimental analysis demonstrates that Real-ESRGAN achieves superior perceptual quality and edge recovery at higher scales, SwinIR excels in preserving structural and diagnostic features, and SRCNN provides efficient and stable performance at lower magnifications. The results establish domain-specific insights and practical guidelines for model selection in clinical imaging workflows, offering a standardized evaluation framework for future medical image super-resolution research and deployment.