André Stollenwerk

Camelia Oprea, Mike Grüne, Mateusz Buglowski et al.

With the digitalization of health care systems, artificial intelligence becomes more present in medicine. Especially machine learning shows great potential for complex tasks such as time series classification, usually at the cost of transparency and comprehensibility. This leads to a lack of trust by humans and thus hinders its active usage. Explainable artificial intelligence tries to close this gap by providing insight into the decision-making process, the actual usefulness of its different methods is however unclear. This paper proposes a user study based evaluation of the explanation method Grad-CAM with application to a neural network for the classification of breaths in time series neonatal ventilation data. We present the perceived usefulness of the explainability method by different stakeholders, exposing the difficulty to achieve actual transparency and the wish for more in-depth explanations by many of the participants.

Stefan Kowalewski, Bernhard Rumpe, Andre Stollenwerk

We discuss challenges to control systems engineering arising from the advent of cyber-physical systems (CPS). After discussing the terminology, general, IT-related issues are treated which need cooperation with computer science, in particular software engineering. Then we study those challenges that require specific core competencies from control systems engineering. We sketch solution approaches for the exemplary problem of dealing with changes in the physical environment of a CPS. ---- Der Beitrag befasst sich mit den methodischen Herausforderungen, die durch die Verbreitung der Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) in der Automatisierungstechnik entstehen, und stellt Lösungsansätze vor. Nach einer Behandlung des Begriffs CPS werden zunächst die allgemeinen, IT-bezogenen Fragestellungen angesprochen, die gemeinsam mit der Informatik gelöst werden müssen. Danach gehen wir auf die Herausforderungen ein, deren Behandlung spezifisch automatisierungstechnische Kernkompetenzen erfordern und skizzieren für eine beispielhafte Problemstellung, den Umgang mit Änderungen in der physikalischen Umgebung, wie entsprechende Lösungen aussehen können.