Huangxin Chen

Huangxin Chen, Peipei Lu, Xuejun Xu

This paper analyzes the error estimates of the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for the Helmholtz equation with high wave number in two and three dimensions. The approximation piecewise polynomial spaces we deal with are of order $p\geq 1$. Through choosing a specific parameter and using the duality argument, it is proved that the HDG method is stable without any mesh constraint for any wave number $κ$. By exploiting the stability estimates, the dependence of convergence of the HDG method on $κ,h$ and $p$ is obtained. Numerical experiments are given to verify the theoretical results.

Huangxin Chen, Weifeng Qiu, Ke Shi

We present and analyze a new hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for the steady state Maxwell equations. In order to make the problem well-posed, a condition of divergence is imposed on the electric field. Then a Lagrange multiplier $p$ is introduced, and the problem becomes the solution of a mixed curl-curl formulation of the Maxwell's problem. We use polynomials of degree $k+1$, $k$, $k$ to approximate $\bfu,\nabla \times \bfu$ and $p$ respectively. In contrast, we only use a non-trivial subspace of polynomials of degree $k+1$ to approximate the numerical tangential trace of the electric field and polynomials of degree $k+1$ to approximate the numerical trace of the Lagrange multiplier on the faces. On the simplicial meshes, a special choice of the stabilization parameters is applied, and the HDG system is shown to be well-posed. Moreover, we show that the convergence rates for $\boldsymbol{u}$ and $\nabla \times \boldsymbol{u}$ are independent of the Lagrange multiplier $p$. If we assume the dual operator of the Maxwell equation on the domain has adequate regularity, we show that the convergence rate for $\boldsymbol{u}$ is $O(h^{k+2})$. From the point of view of degrees of freedom of the globally coupled unknown: numerical trace, this HDG method achieves superconvergence for the electric field without postprocessing. Finally, we show that on general polyhedral elements, by a particular choice of the stabilization parameters again, the HDG system is also well-posed and the superconvergence of the HDG method is derived.

Peipei Lu, Huangxin Chen, Weifeng Qiu

We present and analyze a hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations. The divergence-free condition is enforced on the electric field, then a Lagrange multiplier is introduced, and the problem becomes the solution of a mixed curl-curl formulation of the Maxwell's problem. The method is shown to be an absolutely stable HDG method for the indefinite time-harmonic Maxwell equations with high wave number. By exploiting the duality argument, the dependence of convergence of the HDG method on the wave number k, the mesh size h and the polynomial order p is obtained. Numerical results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.

Huangxin Chen, Weifeng Qiu

We present a first order system least squares (FOSLS) method for the Helmholtz equation at high wave number k, which always deduces Hermitian positive definite algebraic system. By utilizing a non-trivial solution decomposition to the dual FOSLS problem which is quite different from that of standard finite element method, we give error analysis to the hp-version of the FOSLS method where the dependence on the mesh size h, the approximation order p, and the wave number k is given explicitly. In particular, under some assumption of the boundary of the domain, the L2 norm error estimate of the scalar solution from the FOSLS method is shown to be quasi optimal under the condition that kh/p is sufficiently small and the polynomial degree p is at least O(\log k). Numerical experiments are given to verify the theoretical results.

Huangxin Chen, Jingzhi Li, Weifeng Qiu

We propose a robust a posteriori error estimator for the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method for convection-diffusion equations with dominant convection. The reliability and efficiency of the estimator are established for the error measured in an energy norm. The energy norm is uniformly bounded even when the diffusion coefficient tends to zero. The estimators are robust in the sense that the upper and lower bounds of error are uniformly bounded with respect to the diffusion coefficient. A weighted test function technique and the Oswald interpolation are key ingredients in the analysis. Numerical results verify the robustness of the proposed a posteriori error estimator. In numerical experiments, optimal convergence is observed.

Huangxin Chen, Guosheng Fu, Jingzhi Li et al.

We present and analyze a first order least squares method for convection dominated diffusion problems, which provides robust L2 a priori error estimate for the scalar variable even if the given data f in L2 space. The novel theoretical approach is to rewrite the method in the framework of discontinuous Petrov - Galerkin (DPG) method, and then show numerical stability by using a key equation discovered by J. Gopalakrishnan and W. Qiu [Math. Comp. 83(2014), pp. 537-552]. This new approach gives an alternative way to do numerical analysis for least squares methods for a large class of differential equations. We also show that the condition number of the global matrix is independent of the diffusion coefficient. A key feature of the method is that there is no stabilization parameter chosen empirically. In addition, Dirichlet boundary condition is weakly imposed. Numerical experiments verify our theoretical results and, in particular, show our way of weakly imposing Dirichlet boundary condition is essential to the design of least squares methods - numerical solutions on subdomains away from interior layers or boundary layers have remarkable accuracy even on coarse meshes, which are unstructured quasi-uniform.