E. H. van Brummelen

F. de Prenter, C. V. Verhoosel, E. H. van Brummelen et al.

Ill-conditioning of the system matrix is a well-known complication in immersed finite element methods and trimmed isogeometric analysis. Elements with small intersections with the physical domain yield problematic eigenvalues in the system matrix, which generally degrades efficiency and robustness of iterative solvers. In this contribution we investigate the spectral properties of immersed finite element systems treated by Schwarz-type methods, to establish the suitability of these as smoothers in a multigrid method. Based on this investigation we develop a geometric multigrid preconditioner for immersed finite element methods, which provides mesh-independent and cut-element-independent convergence rates. This preconditioning technique is applicable to higher-order discretizations, and enables solving large-scale immersed systems in parallel, at a computational cost that scales linearly with the number of degrees of freedom. The performance of the preconditioner is demonstrated for conventional Lagrange basis functions and for isogeometric discretizations with both uniform B-splines and locally refined approximations based on truncated hierarchical B-splines.

F. de Prenter, C. V. Verhoosel, G. J. van Zwieten et al.

The (Isogeometric) Finite Cell Method - in which a domain is immersed in a structured background mesh - suffers from conditioning problems when cells with small volume fractions occur. In this contribution, we establish a rigorous scaling relation between the condition number of (I)FCM system matrices and the smallest cell volume fraction. Ill-conditioning stems either from basis functions being small on cells with small volume fractions, or from basis functions being nearly linearly dependent on such cells. Based on these two sources of ill-conditioning, an algebraic preconditioning technique is developed, which is referred to as Symmetric Incomplete Permuted Inverse Cholesky (SIPIC). A detailed numerical investigation of the effectivity of the SIPIC preconditioner in improving (I)FCM condition numbers and in improving the convergence speed and accuracy of iterative solvers is presented for the Poisson problem and for two- and three-dimensional problems in linear elasticity, in which Nitche's method is applied in either the normal or tangential direction. The accuracy of the preconditioned iterative solver enables mesh convergence studies of the finite cell method.

E. H. van Brummelen, S. Zhuk, G. J. van Zwieten

This paper introduces a new computational methodology for determining a-posteriori multi-objective error estimates for finite-element approximations, and for constructing corresponding (quasi-)optimal adaptive refinements of finite-element spaces. As opposed to the classical goal-oriented approaches, which consider only a single objective functional, the presented methodology applies to general closed convex subsets of the dual space and constructs a worst-case error estimate of the finite-element approximation error. This worst-case multi-objective error estimate conforms to a dual-weighted residual, in which the dual solution is associated with an approximate supporting functional of the objective set at the approximation error. We regard both standard approximation errors and data-incompatibility errors associated with incompatibility of boundary data with the trace of the finite-element space. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of applying the proposed worst-case multi-objective error in adaptive refinement procedures.

M. R. A. Abdelmalik, E. H. van Brummelen

This paper presents an a-posteriori goal-oriented error analysis for a numerical approximation of the steady Boltzmann equation based on a moment-system approximation in velocity dependence and a discontinuous Galerkin finite-element (DGFE) approximation in position dependence. We derive computable error estimates and bounds for general target functionals of solutions of the steady Boltzmann equation based on the DGFE moment approximation. The a-posteriori error estimates and bounds are used to guide a model adaptive algorithm for optimal approximations of the goal functional in question. We present results for one-dimensional heat transfer and shock structure problems where the moment model order is refined locally in space for optimal approximation of the heat flux.

E. H. van Brummelen, M. Shokrpour-Roudbari, G. J. van Zwieten

We consider a computational model for complex-fluid-solid interaction based on a diffuse-interface model for the complex fluid and a hyperelastic-material model for the solid. The diffuse-interface complex-fluid model is described by the incompressible Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard equations with preferential-wetting boundary conditions at the fluid-solid interface. The corresponding fluid traction on the interface includes a capillary-stress contribution, and the dynamic interface condition comprises the traction exerted by the non-uniform fluid-solid surface tension. We present a weak formulation of the aggregated complex-fluid-solid-interaction problem, based on an Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation of the Navier-Stokes-Cahn-Hilliard equations and a proper reformulation of the complex-fluid traction and the fluid-solid surface tension. To validate the presented complex-fluid-solid-interaction model, we present numerical results and conduct a comparison to experimental data for a droplet on a soft substrate.