Fredrik Nordvall Forsberg

Tom de Jong, Nicolai Kraus, Aref Mohammadzadeh et al.

In the setting of constructive mathematics, we suggest and study a framework for decidability of properties, which allows for finer distinctions than just "decidable, semidecidable, or undecidable". We work in homotopy type theory and use Brouwer ordinals to specify the level of decidability of a property. In this framework, we express the property that a proposition is $α$-decidable, for a Brouwer ordinal $α$, and show that it generalizes decidability and semidecidability. Further generalizing known results, we show that $α$-decidable propositions are closed under binary conjunction, and discuss for which $α$ they are closed under binary disjunction. We prove that if each $P(i)$ is semidecidable, then the countable meet $\forall i\in \mathbb N. P(i)$ is $ω^2$-decidable, and similar results for countable joins and iterated quantifiers. We also discuss the relationship with countable choice. All our results are formalized in Cubical Agda.

Ammar Ahmed, Margarida Fresco, Fredrik Forsberg et al.

Web accessibility ensures that individuals with disabilities can access and interact with digital content without barriers, yet a significant majority of most used websites fail to meet accessibility standards. This study evaluates ChatGPT's (GPT-4o) ability to generate and improve web pages in line with Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). While ChatGPT can effectively address accessibility issues when prompted, its default code often lacks compliance, reflecting limitations in its training data and prevailing inaccessible web practices. Automated and manual testing revealed strengths in resolving simple issues but challenges with complex tasks, requiring human oversight and additional iterations. Unlike prior studies, we incorporate manual evaluation, dynamic elements, and use the visual reasoning capability of ChatGPT along with the prompts to fix accessibility issues. Providing screenshots alongside prompts enhances the LLM's ability to address accessibility issues by allowing it to analyze surrounding components, such as determining appropriate contrast colors. We found that effective prompt engineering, such as providing concise, structured feedback and incorporating visual aids, significantly enhances ChatGPT's performance. These findings highlight the potential and limitations of large language models for accessible web development, offering practical guidance for developers to create more inclusive websites.

Daniel Ritter, Fredrik Nordvall Forsberg, Stefanie Rinderle-Ma et al.

The discipline of Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) is the centrepiece of current on-premise, cloud and device integration scenarios. However, the building blocks of integration scenarios, i.e., essentially a composition of Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIPs), are only informally described, and thus their composition takes place in an informal, ad-hoc manner. This leads to several issues including a currently missing optimization of application integration scenarios. In this work, we collect and briefly explain the usage of process optimizations from the literature for integration scenario processes as catalog.