Leszek Luchowski

Leszek Luchowski, Dariusz Pojda

This paper proposes an innovative technique for representing multidimensional datasets using icons inspired by Chernoff faces. Our approach combines classical projection techniques with the explicit assignment of selected data dimensions to avatar (facial) features, leveraging the innate human ability to interpret facial traits. We introduce a semantic division of data dimensions into intuitive and technical categories, assigning the former to avatar features and projecting the latter into a four-dimensional (or higher) spatial embedding. The technique is implemented as a plugin for the open-source dpVision visualization platform, enabling users to interactively explore data in the form of a swarm of avatars whose spatial positions and visual features jointly encode various aspects of the dataset. Experimental results with synthetic test data and a 12-dimensional dataset of Portuguese Vinho Verde wines demonstrate that the proposed method enhances interpretability and facilitates the analysis of complex data structures.

Agnieszka Anna Tomaka, Leszek Luchowski, Michał Tarnawski et al.

Digital technology plays a crucial role in designing customized medical devices, such as occlusal splints, commonly used in the management of disorders of the stomatognathic system. This methodological proof-of-concept study presents a computer-aided approach for designing and evaluating occlusal positioning splints. The primary aim is to demonstrate the feasibility and geometric accuracy of the proposed method at the preclinical stage. In this approach, a three-dimensional splint is generated using a transformation matrix to represent the therapeutic mandibular position. An experienced operator defines this position using a virtual patient model reconstructed from intraoral scans, CBCT, 3D facial scans, and a digitized plaster model. We introduce a novel method for generating splints that reproduces occlusal conditions in the therapeutic position and resolves surface conflicts through virtual embossing. The process for obtaining transformation matrices using dental tools and intraoral devices commonly employed in dental and laboratory workflows is described, and the geometric accuracy of both designed and printed splints is evaluated using profile and surface deviation analysis. The method supports reproducible, patient-specific splint fabrication and provides a transparent foundation for future validation studies, supporting multimodal image registration and quantification of occlusal discrepancies in research settings.

Agnieszka Anna Tomaka, Dariusz Pojda, Michał Tarnawski et al.

Multimodal image registration plays a key role in creating digital patient models by combining data from different imaging techniques into a single coordinate system. This process often involves multiple sequential and interconnected transformations, which must be well-documented to ensure transparency and reproducibility. In this paper, we propose the use of transformation trees as a method for structured recording and management of these transformations. This approach has been implemented in the dpVision software and uses a dedicated .dpw file format to store hierarchical relationships between images, transformations, and motion data. Transformation trees allow precise tracking of all image processing steps, reduce the need to store multiple copies of the same data, and enable the indirect registration of images that do not share common reference points. This improves the reproducibility of the analyses and facilitates later processing and integration of images from different sources. The practical application of this method is demonstrated with examples from orthodontics, including the integration of 3D face scans, intraoral scans, and CBCT images, as well as the documentation of mandibular motion. Beyond orthodontics, this method can be applied in other fields that require systematic management of image registration processes, such as maxillofacial surgery, oncology, and biomechanical analysis. Maintaining long-term data consistency is essential for both scientific research and clinical practice. It enables easier comparison of results in longitudinal studies, improves retrospective analysis, and supports the development of artificial intelligence algorithms by providing standardized and well-documented datasets. The proposed approach enhances data organization, allows for efficient analysis, and facilitates the reuse of information in future studies and diagnostic procedures.

Agnieszka A. Tomaka, Leszek Luchowski, Dariusz Pojda et al.

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss methods of acquisition, visualization and analysis of the dynamics of a complex biomedical system, illustrated by the human stomatognathic system. The stomatognathic system consists of the teeth and the skull bones with the maxilla and the mandible. Its dynamics can be described by the change of mutual position of the lower/mandibular part versus the upper/maxillary one due to the physiological motion of opening, chewing and swallowing. In order to analyse the dynamics of the stomatognathic system its morphology and motion has to be digitized, which is done using static and dynamic multimodal imagery like CBCT and 3D scans data and temporal measurements of motion. The integration of multimodal data incorporates different direct and indirect methods of registration - aligning of all the data in the same coordinate system. The integrated sets of data form 4D multimodal data which can be further visualized, modeled, and subjected to multivariate time series analysis. Example results are shown. Although there is no direct method of imaging the TMJ motion, the integration of multimodal data forms an adequate tool. As medical imaging becomes ever more diverse and ever more accessible, organizing the imagery and measurements into unified, comprehensive records can deliver to the doctor the most information in the most accessible form, creating a new quality in data simulation, analysis and interpretation.