Andreas Maier

Siqi Chen, Han Gong, Keyi Hou et al.

Reliable organ localization in abdominal CT can provide spatial priors for downstream trauma analysis. We propose CT-3GDINO, a lightweight 3D detector that adapts a Grounding-DINO-style query-based architecture to fixed organ localization using frozen pseudo-text class tokens instead of a real text encoder. The model combines a Swin3D visual backbone, bidirectional feature enhancement, pseudo-text-guided query selection, and a cross-modality decoder to predict normalized 3D boxes for liver, spleen, left kidney, right kidney, and bowel. We train and evaluate on 193 matched RSNA/RATIC CT volumes with segmentation-derived boxes. The best multi-scale model, trained from scratch, achieves 0.5830 overall top-1 class-wise mAP over 3D IoU thresholds from 0.1 to 0.7, outperforming fixed- and trainable-backbone classification-pretrained variants with 0.5570 and 0.4657 mAP. Performance is strong for coarse localization, with 0.9649 AP at IoU 0.1, but remains limited for strict box alignment, with 0.1552 AP at IoU 0.7. These results establish CT-3GDINO as an open-source baseline for pseudo-text-conditioned 3D organ localization and motivate future work on localization-aware pretraining, richer multimodal conditioning, and injury-focused detection.

Claus Metzner, Ali Ghebleh, Achim Schilling et al.

Complex adaptive systems often develop organized structures without centralized control. Yet the local mechanisms by which functional organization emerges and persists remain incompletely understood. Here we propose Surviving by Serving (SBS) as a general principle of self-organization: components persist as long as their outputs are utilized by other components, whereas prolonged non-utilization promotes adaptation and exploration. To investigate this idea, we introduce a minimal multi-agent model in which agents transform shared resources and receive only local feedback when their outputs are subsequently utilized elsewhere in the system. Despite the absence of global objectives, the system spontaneously self-organizes into functional interaction networks. We observe the emergence of stable transformation chains, core-periphery organization, and the generation of novel states that enable previously inaccessible target conditions to be reached. Remarkably, self-sustaining interaction networks can arise even without external selection pressures, creating a pre-adaptive search phase from which later functional solutions emerge. These findings suggest that functional utilization may provide a simple, substrate-independent mechanism for the emergence and stabilization of organized structure in complex adaptive systems.