Yanyan Shi, Christian Lubich
We consider a nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation in the nonrelativistic limit regime with initial data in the form of a modulated highly oscillatory exponential. In this regime of a small scaling parameter $\varepsilon\ll 1$, the solution exhibits rapid oscillations in both time and space. The solution is approximated, up to $\mathcal{O}(\varepsilon)$, by a superposition of two polarized solutions, which are wave packets that move with opposite group velocities proportional to $\varepsilon^{-1}$. The equations for polarized solutions are formulated in co-moving coordinates and are then discretized by an explicit and an implicit exponentially weighted finite difference method. While the explicit weighted leapfrog method needs to satisfy a CFL-type stability condition, the implicit weighted Crank-Nicolson method is unconditionally stable. Both methods achieve second-order accuracy with time steps and mesh sizes that are not restricted in magnitude by $\varepsilon$. For the approximation of polarized solutions, the methods are uniformly convergent in the range from arbitrarily small to moderately bounded $\varepsilon$. Numerical experiments illustrate the theoretical results.