Yuhe Zhang

Sen Zhang, Runmei Li, Zhichao Zheng et al.

Automatic Train Operation (ATO) relies on low-latency, reliable cab-view visual perception and decision-oriented inference to ensure safe operation in complex and dynamic railway environments. However, existing approaches focus primarily on basic perception and often generalize poorly to rare yet safety-critical corner cases. They also lack the high-level reasoning and planning capabilities required for operational decision-making. Although recent Large Multi-modal Models (LMMs) show strong generalization and cognitive capabilities, their use in safety-critical ATO is hindered by high computational cost and hallucination risk. Meanwhile, reliable domain-specific benchmarks for systematically evaluating cognitive capabilities are still lacking. To address these gaps, we introduce RailVQA-bench, the first VQA benchmark for cab-view visual cognition in ATO, comprising 20,000 single-frame and 1,168 video based QA pairs to evaluate cognitive generalization and interpretability in both static and dynamic scenarios. Furthermore, we propose RailVQA-CoM, a collaborative large-small model framework that combines small-model efficiency with large-model cognition via a transparent three-module architecture and adaptive temporal sampling, improving perceptual generalization and enabling efficient reasoning and planning. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach substantially improves performance, enhances interpretability, reduces inference latency, and strengthens cross-domain generalization, while enabling plug-and-play deployment in autonomous driving systems. Code and datasets will be available at https://github.com/Cybereye-bjtu/RailVQA.

Zhikun Tu, Yuhe Zhang, Yiou Jia et al.

Each scanner possesses its unique characteristics and exhibits its distinct sampling error distribution. Training a network on a dataset that includes data collected from different scanners is less effective than training it on data specific to a single scanner. Therefore, we present a novel one-shot learning method allowing for edge extraction on point clouds, by learning the specific data distribution of the target point cloud, and thus achieve superior results compared to networks that were trained on general data distributions. More specifically, we present how to train a lightweight network named OSFENet (One-Shot edge Feature Extraction Network), by designing a filtered-KNN-based surface patch representation that supports a one-shot learning framework. Additionally, we introduce an RBF_DoS module, which integrates Radial Basis Function-based Descriptor of the Surface patch, highly beneficial for the edge extraction on point clouds. The advantage of the proposed OSFENet is demonstrated through comparative analyses against 7 baselines on the ABC dataset, and its practical utility is validated by results across diverse real-scanned datasets, including indoor scenes like S3DIS dataset, and outdoor scenes such as the Semantic3D dataset and UrbanBIS dataset.

Siyi Li, Yue Jiang, Bowen Jing et al.

Advancements in 3D modeling,digital display technologies,and the growing availability of digital cultural heritage data have significantly improved the accuracy of heritage depictions and expanded opportunities for analysis.However,while many studies focus on presenting specific cultural heritage figurines,an often overlooked aspect is the visualization of the Terracotta Warriors as a unified entity.This involves concisely representing the distribution of features and their relationships,providing a clear and insightful presentation that engages practitioners, academics,and wider audiences.To tackle the challenges mentioned above,this research seeks to explore the application of AI methods in processing cultural heritage data.It aims to optimize and augment the dataset,analyze the distribution and relationships of various attributes, and interpret the analysis results through visualization techniques.The Terracotta Warriors,among China's most significant cultural heritages and renowned for their abundance,exquisite workmanship,and magnitude,are chosen as a case study.The contribution of this paper is primarily twofold.Firstly,we constructed a dataset of Terracotta Warriors from Pit No.1,detailing the attributes significant for identifying different Terracotta Warriors.Secondly,we employ various AI methods,such as generative adversarial network and random forest,to process and analyze these attributes,followed by visualizing the analysis results for an intuitive presentation.This study introduces a novel scheme for presenting information on a collection of cultural relics,offering a practical case for analyzing and visualizing the Terracotta Warriors'attributes as a whole entity,rather than showcasing individual relics'information in isolation.

Chunhui Li, Mingquan Zhou, Zehua Liu et al.

The curve skeleton is an important shape descriptor that has been utilized in various applications in computer graphics, machine vision, and artificial intelligence. In this study, the endpoint-based part-aware curve skeleton (EPCS) extraction method for low-quality point clouds is proposed. The novel random center shift (RCS) method is first proposed for detecting the endpoints on point clouds. The endpoints are used as the initial seed points for dividing each part into layers, and then the skeletal points are obtained by computing the center points of the oriented bounding box (OBB) of the layers. Subsequently, the skeletal points are connected, thus forming the branches. Furthermore, the multi-vector momentum-driven (MVMD) method is also proposed for locating the junction points that connect the branches. Due to the shape differences between different parts on point clouds, the global topology of the skeleton is finally optimized by removing the redundant junction points, re-connecting some branches using the proposed MVMD method, and applying an interpolation method based on the splitting operator. Consequently, a complete and smooth curve skeleton is achieved. The proposed EPCS method is compared with several state-of-the-art methods, and the experimental results verify its robustness, effectiveness, and efficiency. Furthermore, the skeleton extraction and model segmentation results on the point clouds of broken Terracotta also highlight the utility of the proposed method.

Yue Jiang, Mingyu Yang, Liuyuxin Yang et al.

Recent advances in generative motion synthesis have enabled the production of realistic human motions from diverse input modalities. However, synthesizing compound actions from texts, which integrate multiple concurrent actions into coherent full-body sequences, remains a major challenge. We identify two key limitations in current text-to-motion diffusion models: (i) catastrophic neglect, where earlier actions are overwritten by later ones due to improper handling of temporal information, and (ii) attention collapse, which arises from excessive feature fusion in cross-attention mechanisms. As a result, existing approaches often depend on overly detailed textual descriptions (e.g., raising right hand), explicit body-part specifications (e.g., editing the upper body), or the use of large language models (LLMs) for body-part interpretation. These strategies lead to deficient semantic representations of physical structures and kinematic mechanisms, limiting the ability to incorporate natural behaviors such as greeting while walking. To address these issues, we propose the Motion-Adapter, a plug-and-play module that guides text-to-motion diffusion models in generating compound actions by computing decoupled cross-attention maps, which serve as structural masks during the denoising process. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method consistently produces more faithful and coherent compound motions across diverse textual prompts, surpassing state-of-the-art approaches.

Shurui Wang, Yuhe Zhang, Ruizhe Guo et al.

The development of 3D scanning technology has enabled the acquisition of massive point cloud models with diverse structures and large scales, thereby presenting significant challenges in point cloud processing. Fast neighboring points search is one of the most common problems, which is frequently used in model reconstruction, classification, retrieval and feature visualization. Hash function is well known for its high-speed and accurate performance in searching high-dimensional data, which is also the core of the proposed 2L-LSH. Specifically, the 2L-LSH algorithm adopts a two-step hash function strategy, in which the popular step divides the bounding box of the point cloud model and the second step constructs a generalized table-based data structure. The proposed 2L-LSH offers a highly efficient and accurate solution for fast neighboring points search in large-scale 3D point cloud models, making it a promising technique for various applications in the field. The proposed algorithm is compared with the well-known methods including Kd-tree and Octree; the obtained results demonstrated that the proposed method outperforms Kd-tree and Octree in terms of speed, i.e. the time consumption of kNN search can be 51.111% and 94.159% lower than Kd-tree and Octree, respectively. And the RN search time can be 54.519% and 41.840% lower than Kd-tree and Octree, respectively.

Meijun Xiong, Zhenguo Shi, Xinyu Zhou et al.

In the automatic reassembly of fragments acquired using laser scanners to reconstruct objects, a crucial step is the matching of fractured surfaces. In this paper, we propose a novel local descriptor that uses the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to fit the distribution of points, allowing for the description and matching of fractured surfaces of fragments. Our method involves dividing a local surface patch into concave and convex regions for estimating the k value of GMM. Then the final Gaussian Mixture Descriptor (GMD) of the fractured surface is formed by merging the regional GMDs. To measure the similarities between GMDs for determining adjacent fragments, we employ the L2 distance and align the fragments using Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) and Iterative Closest Point (ICP). The extensive experiments on real-scanned public datasets and Terracotta datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach; furthermore, the comparisons with several existing methods also validate the advantage of the proposed method.

Yifei Xie, Zhikun Tu, Tong Yang et al.

Edge points on 3D point clouds can clearly convey 3D geometry and surface characteristics, therefore, edge detection is widely used in many vision applications with high industrial and commercial demands. However, the fine-grained edge features are difficult to detect effectively as they are generally densely distributed or exhibit small-scale surface gradients. To address this issue, we present a learning-based edge detection network, named EdgeFormer, which mainly consists of two stages. Based on the observation that spatially neighboring points tend to exhibit high correlation, forming the local underlying surface, we convert the edge detection of the entire point cloud into a point classification based on local patches. Therefore, in the first stage, we construct local patch feature descriptors that describe the local neighborhood around each point. In the second stage, we classify each point by analyzing the local patch feature descriptors generated in the first stage. Due to the conversion of the point cloud into local patches, the proposed method can effectively extract the finer details. The experimental results show that our model demonstrates competitive performance compared to six baselines.

Jinghao Hu, Yuhe Zhang, GuoHua Geng et al.

Generating multi-frame, action-rich visual narratives without fine-tuning faces a threefold tension: action text faithfulness, subject identity fidelity, and cross-frame background continuity. We propose StoryTailor, a zero-shot pipeline that runs on a single RTX 4090 (24 GB) and produces temporally coherent, identity-preserving image sequences from a long narrative prompt, per-subject references, and grounding boxes. Three synergistic modules drive the system: Gaussian-Centered Attention (GCA) to dynamically focus on each subject core and ease grounding-box overlaps; Action-Boost Singular Value Reweighting (AB-SVR) to amplify action-related directions in the text embedding space; and Selective Forgetting Cache (SFC) that retains transferable background cues, forgets nonessential history, and selectively surfaces retained cues to build cross-scene semantic ties. Compared with baseline methods, experiments show that CLIP-T improves by up to 10-15%, with DreamSim lower than strong baselines, while CLIP-I stays in a visually acceptable, competitive range. With matched resolution and steps on a 24 GB GPU, inference is faster than FluxKontext. Qualitatively, StoryTailor delivers expressive interactions and evolving yet stable scenes.

Yuhe Zhang, Zhikun Tu, Zhi Li et al.

The points on the point clouds that can entirely outline the shape of the model are of critical importance, as they serve as the foundation for numerous point cloud processing tasks and are widely utilized in computer graphics and computer-aided design. This study introduces a novel method, RWoDSN, for extracting such feature points, incorporating considerations of sharp-to-smooth transitions, large-to-small scales, and textural-to-detailed features. We approach feature extraction as a two-stage context-dependent analysis problem. In the first stage, we propose a novel neighborhood descriptor, termed the Disk Sampling Neighborhood (DSN), which, unlike traditional spatially and geometrically invariant approaches, preserves a matrix structure while maintaining normal neighborhood relationships. In the second stage, a random walk is performed on the DSN (RWoDSN), yielding a graph-based DSN that simultaneously accounts for the spatial distribution, topological properties, and geometric characteristics of the local surface surrounding each point. This enables the effective extraction of feature points. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed RWoDSN method achieves a recall of 0.769-22% higher than the current state-of-the-art-alongside a precision of 0.784. Furthermore, it significantly outperforms several traditional and deep-learning techniques across eight evaluation metrics.

Zisheng Yao, Yuhe Zhang, Zhe Hu et al.

The unprecedented X-ray flux density provided by modern X-ray sources offers new spatiotemporal possibilities for X-ray imaging of fast dynamic processes. Approaches to exploit such possibilities often result in either i) a limited number of projections or spatial information due to limited scanning speed, as in time-resolved tomography, or ii) a limited number of time points, as in stroboscopic imaging, making the reconstruction problem ill-posed and unlikely to be solved by classical reconstruction approaches. 4D reconstruction from such data requires sample priors, which can be included via deep learning (DL). State-of-the-art 4D reconstruction methods for X-ray imaging combine the power of AI and the physics of X-ray propagation to tackle the challenge of sparse views. However, most approaches do not constrain the physics of the studied process, i.e., a full physical model. Here we present 4D physics-informed optimized neural implicit X-ray imaging (4D-PIONIX), a novel physics-informed 4D X-ray image reconstruction method combining the full physical model and a state-of-the-art DL-based reconstruction method for 4D X-ray imaging from sparse views. We demonstrate and evaluate the potential of our approach by retrieving 4D information from ultra-sparse spatiotemporal acquisitions of simulated binary droplet collisions, a relevant fluid dynamic process. We envision that this work will open new spatiotemporal possibilities for various 4D X-ray imaging modalities, such as time-resolved X-ray tomography and more novel sparse acquisition approaches like X-ray multi-projection imaging, which will pave the way for investigations of various rapid 4D dynamics, such as fluid dynamics and composite testing.

Jinghao Hu, Yuhe Zhang, GuoHua Geng et al.

Traditionally, style has been primarily considered in terms of artistic elements such as colors, brushstrokes, and lighting. However, identical semantic subjects, like people, boats, and houses, can vary significantly across different artistic traditions, indicating that style also encompasses the underlying semantics. Therefore, in this study, we propose a zero-shot scheme for image variation with coordinated semantics. Specifically, our scheme transforms the image-to-image problem into an image-to-text-to-image problem. The image-to-text operation employs vision-language models e.g., BLIP) to generate text describing the content of the input image, including the objects and their positions. Subsequently, the input style keyword is elaborated into a detailed description of this style and then merged with the content text using the reasoning capabilities of ChatGPT. Finally, the text-to-image operation utilizes a Diffusion model to generate images based on the text prompt. To enable the Diffusion model to accommodate more styles, we propose a fine-tuning strategy that injects text and style constraints into cross-attention. This ensures that the output image exhibits similar semantics in the desired style. To validate the performance of the proposed scheme, we constructed a benchmark comprising images of various styles and scenes and introduced two novel metrics. Despite its simplicity, our scheme yields highly plausible results in a zero-shot manner, particularly for generating stylized images with high-fidelity semantics.