Anita Graser

Viktorija Pruckovskaja, Axel Weissenfeld, Clemens Heistracher et al.

Data-driven machine learning is playing a crucial role in the advancements of Industry 4.0, specifically in enhancing predictive maintenance and quality inspection. Federated learning (FL) enables multiple participants to develop a machine learning model without compromising the privacy and confidentiality of their data. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of different FL aggregation methods and compare them to central and local training approaches. Our study is based on four datasets with varying data distributions. The results indicate that the performance of FL is highly dependent on the data and its distribution among clients. In some scenarios, FL can be an effective alternative to traditional central or local training methods. Additionally, we introduce a new federated learning dataset from a real-world quality inspection setting.

Anahid Jalali, Anita Graser, Clemens Heistracher

This paper presents our ongoing work towards XAI for Mobility Data Science applications, focusing on explainable models that can learn from dense trajectory data, such as GPS tracks of vehicles and vessels using temporal graph neural networks (GNNs) and counterfactuals. We review the existing GeoXAI studies, argue the need for comprehensible explanations with human-centered approaches, and outline a research path toward XAI for Mobility Data Science.

Anita Graser, Axel Weißenfeld, Clemens Heistracher et al.

This paper introduces M3fed, a novel solution for federated learning of movement anomaly detection models. This innovation has the potential to improve data privacy and reduce communication costs in machine learning for movement anomaly detection. We present the novel federated learning (FL) strategies employed to train M3fed, perform an example experiment with maritime AIS data, and evaluate the results with respect to communication costs and FL model quality by comparing classic centralized M3 and the new federated M3fed.

Thomas Gräupl, Andreas Reisenbauer, Marcel Hecko et al.

This paper presents the VesselEdge system, which leverages federated learning and bandwidth-constrained trajectory compression to enhance maritime situational awareness by extending AIS coverage. VesselEdge transforms vessels into mobile sensors, enabling real-time anomaly detection and efficient data transmission over low-bandwidth connections. The system integrates the M3fed model for federated learning and the BWC-DR-A algorithm for trajectory compression, prioritizing anomalous data. Preliminary results demonstrate the effectiveness of VesselEdge in improving AIS coverage and situational awareness using historical data.

Anita Graser, Anahid Jalali, Jasmin Lampert et al.

Trajectory data combines the complexities of time series, spatial data, and (sometimes irrational) movement behavior. As data availability and computing power have increased, so has the popularity of deep learning from trajectory data. This review paper provides the first comprehensive overview of deep learning approaches for trajectory data. We have identified eight specific mobility use cases which we analyze with regards to the deep learning models and the training data used. Besides a comprehensive quantitative review of the literature since 2018, the main contribution of our work is the data-centric analysis of recent work in this field, placing it along the mobility data continuum which ranges from detailed dense trajectories of individual movers (quasi-continuous tracking data), to sparse trajectories (such as check-in data), and aggregated trajectories (crowd information).

Anita Graser

Crowd and flow predictions have been extensively studied in mobility data science. Traditional forecasting methods have relied on statistical models such as ARIMA, later supplemented by deep learning approaches like ST-ResNet. More recently, foundation models for time series forecasting, such as TimeGPT, Chronos, and LagLlama, have emerged. A key advantage of these models is their ability to generate zero-shot predictions, allowing them to be applied directly to new tasks without retraining. This study evaluates the performance of TimeGPT compared to traditional approaches for predicting city-wide mobility timeseries using two bike-sharing datasets from New York City and Vienna, Austria. Model performance is assessed across short (1-hour), medium (12-hour), and long-term (24-hour) forecasting horizons. The results highlight the potential of foundation models for mobility forecasting while also identifying limitations of our experiments.