Sirui Lu

Sirui Lu, Zhijing Jin, Terry Jingchen Zhang et al.

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly advancing across diverse domains, yet their application in theoretical physics remains inadequate. While current models show competence in mathematical reasoning and code generation, we identify critical gaps in physical intuition, constraint satisfaction, and reliable reasoning that cannot be addressed through prompting alone. Physics demands approximation judgment, symmetry exploitation, and physical grounding that require AI agents specifically trained on physics reasoning patterns and equipped with physics-aware verification tools. We argue that LLM would require such domain-specialized training and tooling to be useful in real-world for physics research. We envision physics-specialized AI agents that seamlessly handle multimodal data, propose physically consistent hypotheses, and autonomously verify theoretical results. Realizing this vision requires developing physics-specific training datasets, reward signals that capture physical reasoning quality, and verification frameworks encoding fundamental principles. We call for collaborative efforts between physics and AI communities to build the specialized infrastructure necessary for AI-driven scientific discovery.

Xi He, Sirui Lu, Bei Zeng

We present a multi-agent, human-in-the-loop workflow that co-designs quantum codes with prescribed transversal diagonal gates. It builds on the Subset-Sum Linear Programming (SSLP) framework (arXiv:2504.20847), which partitions basis strings by modular residues and enforces $Z$-marginal Knill-Laflamme (KL) equalities via small LPs. The workflow is powered by GPT-5 and implemented within TeXRA (https://texra.ai)-a multi-agent research assistant platform that supports an iterative tool-use loop agent and a derivation-then-edit workflow reasoning agent. We work in a LaTeX-Python environment where agents reason, edit documents, execute code, and synchronize their work to Git/Overleaf. Within this workspace, three roles collaborate: a Synthesis Agent formulates the problem; a Search Agent sweeps/screens candidates and exactifies numerics into rationals; and an Audit Agent independently checks all KL equalities and the induced logical action. As a first step we focus on distance $d=2$ with nondegenerate residues. For code dimension $K\in\{2,3,4\}$ and $n\le6$ qubits, systematic sweeps yield certificate-backed tables cataloging attainable cyclic logical groups-all realized by new codes-e.g., for $K=3$ we obtain order $16$ at $n=6$. From verified instances, Synthesis Agent abstracts recurring structures into closed-form families and proves they satisfy the KL equalities for all parameters. It further demonstrates that SSLP accommodates residue degeneracy by exhibiting a new $((6,4,2))$ code implementing the transversal controlled-phase $diag(1,1,1,i)$. Overall, the workflow recasts diagonal-transversal feasibility as an analytical pipeline executed at scale, combining systematic enumeration with exact analytical reconstruction. It yields reproducible code constructions, supports targeted extensions to larger $K$ and higher distances, and leads toward data-driven classification.

Weikang Li, Sirui Lu, Dong-Ling Deng

Private distributed learning studies the problem of how multiple distributed entities collaboratively train a shared deep network with their private data unrevealed. With the security provided by the protocols of blind quantum computation, the cooperation between quantum physics and machine learning may lead to unparalleled prospect for solving private distributed learning tasks. In this paper, we introduce a quantum protocol for distributed learning that is able to utilize the computational power of the remote quantum servers while keeping the private data safe. For concreteness, we first introduce a protocol for private single-party delegated training of variational quantum classifiers based on blind quantum computing and then extend this protocol to multiparty private distributed learning incorporated with differential privacy. We carry out extensive numerical simulations with different real-life datasets and encoding strategies to benchmark the effectiveness of our protocol. We find that our protocol is robust to experimental imperfections and is secure under the gradient attack after the incorporation of differential privacy. Our results show the potential for handling computationally expensive distributed learning tasks with privacy guarantees, thus providing a valuable guide for exploring quantum advantages from the security perspective in the field of machine learning with real-life applications.

Sirui Lu, Márton Kanász-Nagy, Ivan Kukuljan et al.

We investigate the potential of tensor network based machine learning methods to scale to large image and text data sets. For that, we study how the mutual information between a subregion and its complement scales with the subsystem size $L$, similarly to how it is done in quantum many-body physics. We find that for text, the mutual information scales as a power law $L^ν$ with a close to volume law exponent, indicating that text cannot be efficiently described by 1D tensor networks. For images, the scaling is close to an area law, hinting at 2D tensor networks such as PEPS could have an adequate expressibility. For the numerical analysis, we introduce a mutual information estimator based on autoregressive networks, and we also use convolutional neural networks in a neural estimator method.