A. David Edwards

Liu Li, Qiang Ma, Matthew Sinclair et al.

Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used in prenatal diagnosis and to assess early brain development. Accurate segmentation of the different brain tissues is a vital step in several brain analysis tasks, such as cortical surface reconstruction and tissue thickness measurements. Fetal MRI scans, however, are prone to motion artifacts that can affect the correctness of both manual and automatic segmentation techniques. In this paper, we propose a novel network structure that can simultaneously generate conditional atlases and predict brain tissue segmentation, called CAS-Net. The conditional atlases provide anatomical priors that can constrain the segmentation connectivity, despite the heterogeneity of intensity values caused by motion or partial volume effects. The proposed method is trained and evaluated on 253 subjects from the developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP). The results demonstrate that the proposed method can generate conditional age-specific atlas with sharp boundary and shape variance. It also segment multi-category brain tissues for fetal MRI with a high overall Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of $85.2\%$ for the selected 9 tissue labels.

Simon Dahan, Abdulah Fawaz, Logan Z. J. Williams et al.

The extension of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to non-Euclidean geometries has led to multiple frameworks for studying manifolds. Many of those methods have shown design limitations resulting in poor modelling of long-range associations, as the generalisation of convolutions to irregular surfaces is non-trivial. Motivated by the success of attention-modelling in computer vision, we translate convolution-free vision transformer approaches to surface data, to introduce a domain-agnostic architecture to study any surface data projected onto a spherical manifold. Here, surface patching is achieved by representing spherical data as a sequence of triangular patches, extracted from a subdivided icosphere. A transformer model encodes the sequence of patches via successive multi-head self-attention layers while preserving the sequence resolution. We validate the performance of the proposed Surface Vision Transformer (SiT) on the task of phenotype regression from cortical surface metrics derived from the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP). Experiments show that the SiT generally outperforms surface CNNs, while performing comparably on registered and unregistered data. Analysis of transformer attention maps offers strong potential to characterise subtle cognitive developmental patterns.