Ashish Khanna

Chaitanya Chadha, Vandit Gupta, Deepak Gupta et al.

Text classification helps analyse texts for semantic meaning and relevance, by mapping the words against this hierarchy. An analysis of various types of texts is invaluable to understanding both their semantic meaning, as well as their relevance. Text classification is a method of categorising documents. It combines computer text classification and natural language processing to analyse text in aggregate. This method provides a descriptive categorization of the text, with features like content type, object field, lexical characteristics, and style traits. In this research, the authors aim to use natural language feature extraction methods in machine learning which are then used to train some of the basic machine learning models like Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine. These models are used to detect when a teacher must get involved in a discussion when the lines go off-topic.

Abdul Waheed, Muskan Goyal, Nimisha Mittal et al.

Bloom taxonomy is a common paradigm for categorizing educational learning objectives into three learning levels: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. For the optimization of educational programs, it is crucial to design course learning outcomes (CLOs) according to the different cognitive levels of Bloom Taxonomy. Usually, administrators of the institutions manually complete the tedious work of mapping CLOs and examination questions to Bloom taxonomy levels. To address this issue, we propose a transformer-based model named BloomNet that captures linguistic as well semantic information to classify the course learning outcomes (CLOs). We compare BloomNet with a diverse set of basic as well as strong baselines and we observe that our model performs better than all the experimented baselines. Further, we also test the generalization capability of BloomNet by evaluating it on different distributions which our model does not encounter during training and we observe that our model is less susceptible to distribution shift compared to the other considered models. We support our findings by performing extensive result analysis. In ablation study we observe that on explicitly encapsulating the linguistic information along with semantic information improves the model on IID (independent and identically distributed) performance as well as OOD (out-of-distribution) generalization capability.

Abdul Waheed, Muskan Goyal, Deepak Gupta et al.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The spread of COVID-19 seems to have a detrimental effect on the global economy and health. A positive chest X-ray of infected patients is a crucial step in the battle against COVID-19. Early results suggest that abnormalities exist in chest X-rays of patients suggestive of COVID-19. This has led to the introduction of a variety of deep learning systems and studies have shown that the accuracy of COVID-19 patient detection through the use of chest X-rays is strongly optimistic. Deep learning networks like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) need a substantial amount of training data. Because the outbreak is recent, it is difficult to gather a significant number of radiographic images in such a short time. Therefore, in this research, we present a method to generate synthetic chest X-ray (CXR) images by developing an Auxiliary Classifier Generative Adversarial Network (ACGAN) based model called CovidGAN. In addition, we demonstrate that the synthetic images produced from CovidGAN can be utilized to enhance the performance of CNN for COVID-19 detection. Classification using CNN alone yielded 85% accuracy. By adding synthetic images produced by CovidGAN, the accuracy increased to 95%. We hope this method will speed up COVID-19 detection and lead to more robust systems of radiology.

Keyang Xu, Mike Lam, Jingzhi Pang et al.

This study presents a multimodal machine learning model to predict ICD-10 diagnostic codes. We developed separate machine learning models that can handle data from different modalities, including unstructured text, semi-structured text and structured tabular data. We further employed an ensemble method to integrate all modality-specific models to generate ICD-10 codes. Key evidence was also extracted to make our prediction more convincing and explainable. We used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC -III) dataset to validate our approach. For ICD code prediction, our best-performing model (micro-F1 = 0.7633, micro-AUC = 0.9541) significantly outperforms other baseline models including TF-IDF (micro-F1 = 0.6721, micro-AUC = 0.7879) and Text-CNN model (micro-F1 = 0.6569, micro-AUC = 0.9235). For interpretability, our approach achieves a Jaccard Similarity Coefficient (JSC) of 0.1806 on text data and 0.3105 on tabular data, where well-trained physicians achieve 0.2780 and 0.5002 respectively.