Muhammad Aftab

Muhammad Aftab, Faisal Mehmood, Chengjuan Zhang et al.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has potential to revolutionize the field of oncology by enhancing the precision of cancer diagnosis, optimizing treatment strategies, and personalizing therapies for a variety of cancers. This review examines the limitations of conventional diagnostic techniques and explores the transformative role of AI in diagnosing and treating cancers such as lung, breast, colorectal, liver, stomach, esophageal, cervical, thyroid, prostate, and skin cancers. The primary objective of this paper is to highlight the significant advancements that AI algorithms have brought to oncology within the medical industry. By enabling early cancer detection, improving diagnostic accuracy, and facilitating targeted treatment delivery, AI contributes to substantial improvements in patient outcomes. The integration of AI in medical imaging, genomic analysis, and pathology enhances diagnostic precision and introduces a novel, less invasive approach to cancer screening. This not only boosts the effectiveness of medical facilities but also reduces operational costs. The study delves into the application of AI in radiomics for detailed cancer characterization, predictive analytics for identifying associated risks, and the development of algorithm-driven robots for immediate diagnosis. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of AI on addressing healthcare challenges, particularly in underserved and remote regions. The overarching goal of this platform is to support the development of expert recommendations and to provide universal, efficient diagnostic procedures. By reviewing existing research and clinical studies, this paper underscores the pivotal role of AI in improving the overall cancer care system. It emphasizes how AI-enabled systems can enhance clinical decision-making and expand treatment options, thereby underscoring the importance of AI in advancing precision oncology

Muhammad Aftab, Sid Chi-Kin Chau, Majid Khonji

Conventional HVAC control systems are usually incognizant of the physical structures and materials of buildings. These systems merely follow pre-set HVAC control logic based on abstract building thermal response models, which are rough approximations to true physical models, ignoring dynamic spatial variations in built environments. To enable more accurate and responsive HVAC control, this paper introduces the notion of "self-aware" smart buildings, such that buildings are able to explicitly construct physical models of themselves (e.g., incorporating building structures and materials, and thermal flow dynamics). The question is how to enable self-aware buildings that automatically acquire dynamic knowledge of themselves. This paper presents a novel approach using "augmented reality". The extensive user-environment interactions in augmented reality not only can provide intuitive user interfaces for building systems, but also can capture the physical structures and possibly materials of buildings accurately to enable real-time building simulation and control. This paper presents a building system prototype incorporating augmented reality, and discusses its applications.

Muhammad Aftab, Chien Chen, Chi-Kin Chau et al.

Intelligent building automation systems can reduce the energy consumption of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) units by sensing the comfort requirements automatically and scheduling the HVAC operations dynamically. Traditional building automation systems rely on fairly inaccurate occupancy sensors and basic predictive control using oversimplified building thermal response models, all of which prevent such systems from reaching their full potential. Such limitations can now be avoided due to the recent developments in embedded system technologies, which provide viable low-cost computing platforms with powerful processors and sizeable memory storage in a small footprint. As a result, building automation systems can now efficiently execute highly-sophisticated computational tasks, such as real-time video processing and accurate thermal-response simulations. With this in mind, we designed and implemented an occupancy-predictive HVAC control system in a low-cost yet powerful embedded system (using Raspberry Pi 3) to demonstrate the following key features for building automation: (1) real-time occupancy recognition using video-processing and machine-learning techniques, (2) dynamic analysis and prediction of occupancy patterns, and (3) model predictive control for HVAC operations guided by real-time building thermal response simulations (using an on-board EnergyPlus simulator). We deployed and evaluated our system for providing automatic HVAC control in the large public indoor space of a mosque, thereby achieving significant energy savings.