Mohammed Kamruzzaman

Md. Toukir Ahmed, Ocean Monjur, Mohammed Kamruzzaman

Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has recently emerged as a promising tool for many agricultural applications; however, the technology cannot be directly used in a real-time system due to the extensive time needed to process large volumes of data. Consequently, the development of a simple, compact, and cost-effective imaging system is not possible with the current HSI systems. Therefore, the overall goal of this study was to reconstruct hyperspectral images from RGB images through deep learning for agricultural applications. Specifically, this study used Hyperspectral Convolutional Neural Network - Dense (HSCNN-D) to reconstruct hyperspectral images from RGB images for predicting soluble solid content (SSC) in sweet potatoes. The algorithm accurately reconstructed the hyperspectral images from RGB images, with the resulting spectra closely matching the ground-truth. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) model based on reconstructed spectra outperformed the model using the full spectral range, demonstrating its potential for SSC prediction in sweet potatoes. These findings highlight the potential of deep learning-based hyperspectral image reconstruction as a low-cost, efficient tool for various agricultural uses.

Taeyeong Choi, Mohammed Kamruzzaman

Inspired by advances in natural language processing and computer vision, "time-series foundation models" (TSFMs) have recently been introduced with the promise of strong generalization across diverse time-series tasks, including forecasting, classification, and anomaly detection, as well as across domains such as healthcare, climate science, and manufacturing. However, their utility for gas-sensing data remains largely unexplored. To address this gap, this paper systematically evaluates recent TSFMs on electronic nose (E-Nose) data. In particular, we investigate whether embeddings produced by representative TSFMs, including Chronos-2 and MOMENT, provide effective representations for gas identification and concentration prediction. Specifically, we show that fine-tuning is necessary to achieve satisfactory performance on E-Nose data, and fusing TSFM embeddings with representations learned by specialized predictive models can further improve the performance, suggesting both the potential and limitations of current TSFMs for gas-sensing applications.

Md. Toukir Ahmed, Md Wadud Ahmed, Ocean Monjur et al.

As the demand for food surges and the agricultural sector undergoes a transformative shift towards sustainability and efficiency, the need for precise and proactive measures to ensure the health and welfare of livestock becomes paramount. In the context of the broader agricultural landscape outlined, the application of Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) takes on profound significance. HSI has emerged as a cutting-edge, non-destructive technique for fast and accurate egg quality analysis, including the detection of chick embryo mortality. However, the high cost and operational complexity compared to conventional RGB imaging are significant bottlenecks in the widespread adoption of HSI technology. To overcome these hurdles and unlock the full potential of HSI, a promising solution is hyperspectral image reconstruction from standard RGB images. This study aims to reconstruct hyperspectral images from RGB images for non-destructive early prediction of chick embryo mortality. Firstly, the performance of different image reconstruction algorithms, such as HRNET, MST++, Restormer, and EDSR were compared to reconstruct the hyperspectral images of the eggs in the early incubation period. Later, the reconstructed spectra were used to differentiate live from dead chick-producing eggs using the XGBoost and Random Forest classification methods. Among the reconstruction methods, HRNET showed impressive reconstruction performance with MRAE of 0.0955, RMSE of 0.0159, and PSNR of 36.79 dB. This study motivated that harnessing imaging technology integrated with smart sensors and data analytics has the potential to improve automation, enhance biosecurity, and optimize resource management towards sustainable agriculture 4.0.