Tomáš Sourada

Tomáš Sourada, Katia Vendrame, Jan Hajič

Music represents a cornerstone of human culture, existing digitally across diverse modalities, including audio, symbolic encodings (e.g., MIDI, MusicXML), and sheet music. Despite the advancement of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), current music benchmarks face three major limitations. First, large static benchmarks are resource-intensive to evaluate, and it remains unclear how their results transfer to diverse kinds of music beyond those included in the benchmark. Second, benchmarks claiming to measure "music understanding" often fail to require music perception. Third, they do not support systematic performance comparisons across musical modalities. To overcome these issues, we introduce the Music I Care About Meta-Benchmark (MusICA-MetaBench), a framework that automatically derives on-demand benchmarks directly from user-provided data. By leveraging structured symbolic representations (e.g., MusicXML) and our pre-defined question templates, we build multiple-choice question-answer pairs that probe music perception competencies, aligned with music pedagogy, across audio, music notation images, and symbolic files. We demonstrate our framework with the ChoraleBricks dataset, and experimentally determine benchmark sizes that ensure statistically reliable model comparisons for this setup. By comparing against text-only and white-noise baselines, we show our questions do measure music perception. Ultimately, MusICA-MetaBench represents a significant advancement in the cross-modal assessment of music perception for MLLMs. By proposing a dataset-specific benchmarking paradigm, it enables efficient on-demand evaluation of music perception capabilities.

Tomáš Sourada, Jana Straková

We present a compact, single-model approach to multilingual inflection, the task of generating inflected word forms from base lemmas to express grammatical categories. Our model, trained jointly on data from 73 languages, is lightweight, robust to unseen words, and outperforms monolingual baselines in most languages. This demonstrates the effectiveness of multilingual modeling for inflection and highlights its practical benefits: simplifying deployment by eliminating the need to manage and retrain dozens of separate monolingual models. In addition to the standard SIGMORPHON shared task benchmarks, we evaluate our monolingual and multilingual models on 73 Universal Dependencies (UD) treebanks, extracting lemma-tag-form triples and their frequency counts. To ensure realistic data splits, we introduce a novel frequency-weighted, lemma-disjoint train-dev-test resampling procedure. Our work addresses the lack of an open-source, general-purpose, multilingual morphological inflection system capable of handling unseen words across a wide range of languages, including Czech. All code is publicly released at: https://github.com/tomsouri/multilingual-inflection.

Tomáš Sourada, Jana Straková, Rudolf Rosa

We focus on morphological inflection in out-of-vocabulary (OOV) conditions, an under-researched subtask in which state-of-the-art systems usually are less effective. We developed three systems: a retrograde model and two sequence-to-sequence (seq2seq) models based on LSTM and Transformer. For testing in OOV conditions, we automatically extracted a large dataset of nouns in the morphologically rich Czech language, with lemma-disjoint data splits, and we further manually annotated a real-world OOV dataset of neologisms. In the standard OOV conditions, Transformer achieves the best results, with increasing performance in ensemble with LSTM, the retrograde model and SIGMORPHON baselines. On the real-world OOV dataset of neologisms, the retrograde model outperforms all neural models. Finally, our seq2seq models achieve state-of-the-art results in 9 out of 16 languages from SIGMORPHON 2022 shared task data in the OOV evaluation (feature overlap) in the large data condition. We release the Czech OOV Inflection Dataset for rigorous evaluation in OOV conditions. Further, we release the inflection system with the seq2seq models as a ready-to-use Python library.