Zhuoming Li

Lei Gao, Zhuoming Li, Mengxi Jia et al.

Existing reinforcement learning approaches for Large Language Models typically perform policy optimization at the granularity of individual tokens or entire response sequences. However, such formulations often misalign with the natural step-wise structure of reasoning processes, leading to suboptimal credit assignment and unstable training in multi-modal reasoning tasks. To bridge this gap, we propose Segment-Aligned Policy Optimization (SAPO), a novel reinforcement learning paradigm that treats coherent reasoning steps, rather than tokens or full sequences as fundamental units of policy update. SAPO introduces a step-wise Markov decision process abstraction over reasoning segments, accompanied by segment-level value estimation, advantage computation, and importance sampling mechanisms that are semantically aligned with reasoning boundaries. Experiments on representative reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that SAPO consistently outperforms token-level and sequence-level policy optimization methods, achieving significant accuracy improvements while exhibiting better training stability and value estimation consistency. Our work underscores the importance of aligning reinforcement learning updates with the intrinsic structure of reasoning, paving the way for more efficient and semantically grounded policy optimization in complex reasoning tasks. Codes and models will be released to ensure full reproducibility.

Zhuoming Li, Aitong Liu, Mengxi Jia et al.

Free-form gesture understanding is highly appealing for human-computer interaction, as it liberates users from the constraints of predefined gesture categories. However, the sole existing solution GestureGPT suffers from limited recognition accuracy and slow response times. In this paper, we propose Gestura, an end-to-end system for free-form gesture understanding. Gestura harnesses a pre-trained Large Vision-Language Model (LVLM) to align the highly dynamic and diverse patterns of free-form gestures with high-level semantic concepts. To better capture subtle hand movements across different styles, we introduce a Landmark Processing Module that compensate for LVLMs' lack of fine-grained domain knowledge by embedding anatomical hand priors. Further, a Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning strategy enables step-by-step semantic inference, transforming shallow knowledge into deep semantic understanding and significantly enhancing the model's ability to interpret ambiguous or unconventional gestures. Together, these components allow Gestura to achieve robust and adaptable free-form gesture comprehension. Additionally, we have developed the first open-source dataset for free-form gesture intention reasoning and understanding with over 300,000 annotated QA pairs.

Haojie Pu, Zhuoming Li, Yongbiao Gao et al.

Generative zero-shot learning (ZSL) synthesizes features for unseen classes, leveraging semantic conditions to transfer knowledge from seen classes. However, it also introduces two intrinsic challenges: (1) class-level attributes fails to capture instance-specific visual appearances due to substantial intra-class variability, thus causing the class-instance gap; (2) the substantial mismatch between semantic and visual feature distributions, manifested in inter-class correlations, gives rise to the semantic-visual domain gap. To address these challenges, we propose an Attribute Distribution Modeling and Semantic-Visual Alignment (ADiVA) approach, jointly modeling attribute distributions and performing explicit semantic-visual alignment. Specifically, our ADiVA consists of two modules: an Attribute Distribution Modeling (ADM) module that learns a transferable attribute distribution for each class and samples instance-level attributes for unseen classes, and a Visual-Guided Alignment (VGA) module that refines semantic representations to better reflect visual structures. Experiments on three widely used benchmark datasets demonstrate that ADiVA significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods (e.g., achieving gains of 4.7% and 6.1% on AWA2 and SUN, respectively). Moreover, our approach can serve as a plugin to enhance existing generative ZSL methods.

Bo Han, Zhuoming Li, Xiaoyu Wang et al.

Semi-supervised multi-label learning (SSMLL) aims to address the challenge of limited labeled data in multi-label learning (MLL) by leveraging unlabeled data to improve the model's performance. While pseudo-labeling has become a dominant strategy in SSMLL, most existing methods assign equal weights to all pseudo-labels regardless of their quality, which can amplify the impact of noisy or uncertain predictions and degrade the overall performance. In this paper, we theoretically verify that the optimal weight for a pseudo-label should reflect its correctness likelihood. Empirically, we observe that on the same dataset, the correctness likelihood distribution of unlabeled data remains stable, even as the number of labeled training samples varies. Building on this insight, we propose Distribution-Calibrated Pseudo-labeling (DiCaP), a correctness-aware framework that estimates posterior precision to calibrate pseudo-label weights. We further introduce a dual-thresholding mechanism to separate confident and ambiguous regions: confident samples are pseudo-labeled and weighted accordingly, while ambiguous ones are explored by unsupervised contrastive learning. Experiments conducted on multiple benchmark datasets verify that our method achieves consistent improvements, surpassing state-of-the-art methods by up to 4.27%.