Xu Liu

Pengfei Su, Qingsen Wang, Milind Chabbi et al.

Many performance inefficiencies such as inappropriate choice of algorithms or data structures, developers' inattention to performance, and missed compiler optimizations show up as wasteful memory operations. Wasteful memory operations are those that produce/consume data to/from memory that may have been avoided. We present, JXPerf, a lightweight performance analysis tool for pinpointing wasteful memory operations in Java programs. Traditional byte-code instrumentation for such analysis (1) introduces prohibitive overheads and (2) misses inefficiencies in machine code generation. JXPerf overcomes both of these problems. JXPerf uses hardware performance monitoring units to sample memory locations accessed by a program and uses hardware debug registers to monitor subsequent accesses to the same memory. The result is a lightweight measurement at machine-code level with attribution of inefficiencies to their provenance: machine and source code within full calling contexts. JXPerf introduces only 7% runtime overhead and 7% memory overhead making it useful in production. Guided by JXPerf, we optimize several Java applications by improving code generation and choosing superior data structures and algorithms, which yield significant speedups.

Pengfei Su, Shasha Wen, Hailong Yang et al.

Modern software packages have become increasingly complex with millions of lines of code and references to many external libraries. Redundant operations are a common performance limiter in these code bases. Missed compiler optimization opportunities, inappropriate data structure and algorithm choices, and developers' inattention to performance are some common reasons for the existence of redundant operations. Developers mainly depend on compilers to eliminate redundant operations. However, compilers' static analysis often misses optimization opportunities due to ambiguities and limited analysis scope; automatic optimizations to algorithmic and data structural problems are out of scope. We develop LoadSpy, a whole-program profiler to pinpoint redundant memory load operations, which are often a symptom of many redundant operations. The strength of LoadSpy exists in identifying and quantifying redundant load operations in programs and associating the redundancies with program execution contexts and scopes to focus developers' attention on problematic code. LoadSpy works on fully optimized binaries, adopts various optimization techniques to reduce its overhead, and provides a rich graphic user interface, which make it a complete developer tool. Applying LoadSpy showed that a large fraction of redundant loads is common in modern software packages despite highest levels of automatic compiler optimizations. Guided by LoadSpy, we optimize several well-known benchmarks and real-world applications, yielding significant speedups.