Wenyi Wang

Nathaniel Hudson, J. Gregory Pauloski, Matt Baughman et al.

Deep learning methods are transforming research, enabling new techniques, and ultimately leading to new discoveries. As the demand for more capable AI models continues to grow, we are now entering an era of Trillion Parameter Models (TPM), or models with more than a trillion parameters -- such as Huawei's PanGu-$Σ$. We describe a vision for the ecosystem of TPM users and providers that caters to the specific needs of the scientific community. We then outline the significant technical challenges and open problems in system design for serving TPMs to enable scientific research and discovery. Specifically, we describe the requirements of a comprehensive software stack and interfaces to support the diverse and flexible requirements of researchers.

Jianwen Chen, Kai Duan, Rumin Zhang et al.

In blockchain systems, especially cryptographic currencies such as Bitcoin, the double-spending and Byzantine-general-like problem are solved by reaching consensus protocols among all nodes. The state-of-the-art protocols include Proof-of-Work, Proof-of-Stake and Delegated-Proof-of-Stake. Proof-of-Work urges nodes to prove their computing power measured in hash rate in a crypto-puzzle solving competition. The other two take into account the amount of stake of each nodes and even design a vote in Delegated-Proof-of-Stake. However, these frameworks have several drawbacks, such as consuming a large number of electricity, leading the whole blockchain to a centralized system and so on. In this paper, we propose the conceptual framework, fundamental theory and research methodology, based on artificial intelligence technology that exploits nearly complementary information of each nodes. And we designed a particular convolutional neural network and a dynamic threshold, which obtained the super nodes and the random nodes, to reach the consensus. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework combines the advantages of Proof-of-Work, Proof-of-Stake and Delegated-Proof-of-Stake by avoiding complicated hash operation and monopoly. Furthermore, it compares favorably to the three state-of-the-art consensus frameworks, in terms of security and the speed of transaction confirmation.